Journal article
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
The Lancet (British edition), v 392(10159), pp 1859-1922
10 Nov 2018
PMID: 30415748
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Background : How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years.
Methods : We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males.
Findings : Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7.4 years (95% uncertainty interval 74-7.8), from 65.6 years (65.3-65- 8) in 1990 to 73.0 years (72.7-73.3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5.1 years (5.0-5.3) in high SDI countries to 12.0 years (11.3-12.8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26.3% (20.1-33.1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11.7% (8.8-15.1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6.3 years (5.9-6.7), from 57.0 years (54.6-59.1) in 1990 to 63.3 years (60.5-65.7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3.8 years (3.4-4.1) in high SDI countries to 10.5 years (9.8-11.2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1.0 year (0.4-1.7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62.4 years [59.9-64.7] in 1990 to 63.5 years [60.9-65.8] in 2017) to 23.7 years (21.9-25.6) in Eritrea (30.7 years [28.9-32.2] in 1990 to 54.4 years [51.5-57.1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1.4 years (0.6-2.3) in Algeria to 11.9 years (10.9-12.9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75.8 years [72.4-78.7]) and males (72.6 years [69 " 8-75.0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47.0 years [43.7-50.2] for females and 42.8 years [40.1-45.6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41.3% (38.8-43.5) for communicable diseases and by 49"8% (47.9-51.6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40.1% (36.8-43.0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18.1% (16.0-20.2).
Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low S DI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health.
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- Title
- Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Creators
- Hmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of WashingtonDegu Abate - Haramaya Univ, Harar, EthiopiaKalkidan Hassen Abate - Jimma UniversitySolomon M. Abay - Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharm, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCristiana Abbafati - Sapienza University of RomeNooshin Abbasi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranHedayat Abbastabar - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth, Tehran, IranFoad Abd-Allah - Cairo UniversityJemal Abdela - Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, EthiopiaAhmed Abdelalim - Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, EgyptIbrahim Abdollahpour - Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, IranRizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityMolla Abebe - Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Chem, Gondar, EthiopiaZegeye Abebe - Univ Gondar, Human Nutr Dept, Gondar, EthiopiaOlifan Zewdie Abil - Wollega Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Nekemte, EthiopiaVictor Aboyans - Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, FranceAklilu Roba Abrham - Haramaya Univ, Dept Pediat, Harar, EthiopiaLaith Jamal Abu-Raddad - Cornell UniversityNiveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit Univ, Inst Community & Publ Hlth, Birzeit, IsraelManfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi - Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Cotonou, BeninDilaram Acharya - Dongguk Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Gyeongju, South KoreaPawan Acharya - Nepal Dev Soc, Pokhara, NepalIlana N. Ackerman - Monash UniversityAbdu A. Adamu - Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South AfricaOladimeji M. Adebayo - Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, NigeriaVictor Adekanmbi - Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, S Glam, WalesZanfina Ademi - Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaOlatunji O. Adetokunboh - Stellenbosch UniversityMina G. Adib - St Mark Hosp, Emergency Dept, Alexandria, EgyptJose C. Adsuar - Univ Extremadura, Sport Sci Dept, Badajoz, SpainKossivi Agbelenko Afanvi - Univ Lome, Dept Publ Hlth, Lome, TogoMohsen Afarideh - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAshkan Afshin - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAGina Agarwal - McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, CanadaKareha M. Agesa - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USARakesh Aggarwal - Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSargis Aghasi Aghayan - Yerevan State Univ, Dept Zool, Yerevan, ArmeniaAnurag Agrawal - CSIR, Inst Cenom & Integrat Biol, Res Area Informat & Big Data, Delhi, IndiaAlireza Ahmadi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Kermanshah, IranMehdi Ahmadi - Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Technol Res Ctr, Ahvaz, IranHamid Ahmadieh - Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, IranMuktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma UniversitySayem Ahmed - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Populat Studies Div, Dhaka, BangladeshAmani Nidhal Aichour - Univ Eerhat Abbas Setif, Setif, AlgeriaIbtihel Aichour - Univ Eerhat Abbas Setif, Setif, AlgeriaMiloud Taki Eddine Aichour - Higher Natl Sch Vet Med, Algiers, AlgeriaTomi Akinyemiju - Univ Kentucky, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY USANadia Akseer - Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaZiyad Al-Aly Ayman - Washington Univ, Internal Med Dept, St Louis, MO USAAyman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaHesham M. Al-Mekhlafi - Jazan Univ, Med Res Ctr, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaRajaa M. Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaFares Alahdab - Mayo Clin, Fdn Med Educ & Res, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USAKhurshid Alam - Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Perth, WA, AustraliaTahiya Alam - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAlaa Alashi - Cleveland Clin, Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USASeyed Moayed Alavian - Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Baqiyatallah Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Liver Dis, Tehran, IranKefyalew Addis Alene - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaMehran Alijanzadeh - Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Qazvin, IranReza Alizadeh-Navaei - University of MazandaranSyed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, KuwaitAla'a Alkerwi - Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassern, LuxembourgFrancois Alla - University of LorrainePeter Allebeck - Karolinska InstituteJordi Alonso - Hosp Del Mar, Med Res Inst, Res Program Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Barcelona, SpainUbai Alsharif - Univ Hosp Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Bochum, GermanyKhalid Altirkawi - King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNelson Alvis-Guzman - Emory UniversityLeopold N. Aminde - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaErfan Amini - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Urol, Tehran, IranMohammadreza Amiresmaili - Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, IranWalid Ammar - Fed Minist Hlth, Beirut, LebanonYaw Ampem Amoako - Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kumasi, GhanaNahla Hamed Anber - Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, EgyptCatalina Liliana Andrei - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, RomaniaSofia Androudi - Univ Thessaly, Dept Med, Volos, GreeceMegbaru Debalkie Animut - Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, EthiopiaMina Anjomshoa - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, IranMustafa Geleto Ansha - Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaCarl Abelardo T. Antonio - Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, PhilippinesPalwasha AnwariJalal Arabloo - Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, IranOlatunde Aremu - Birmingham City Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandJohan Arnlov - Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, SwedenAmit Arora - Western Sydney UniversityMegha Arora - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAl Artaman - Univ Manitoba, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaKrishna K. Aryal - Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, Lalitpur, NepalHamid Asayesh - Qom Univ Med Sci, Qom, IranZerihun Ataro - Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, EthiopiaMarcel Ausloos - Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, EnglandLeticia Avila-Burgos - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoEuripide F. G. A. Avokpaho - Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Cotonou, BeninAshish Awasthi - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, IndiaBeatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaRakesh Ayer - Univ Tokyo, Dept Community & Global Hlth, Tokyo, JapanPeter S. Azzopardi - Burnet Inst, Global Adolescent Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaArefeh Babazadeh - Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, IranHamid Badali - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Sari, IranKalpana Balakrishnan - Sri Ramachandra Med Coll & Res Inst, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAyele Geleto Bali - Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, EthiopiaMaciej Banach - Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, PolandJoseph Adel Mattar Banoub - Alexandria Univ, Fac Med, Alexandria, EgyptAleksandra Barac - Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, SerbiaMiguel A. Barboza - Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Dept Neurosci, San Jose, Costa RicaSuzanne Lyn Barker-Collo - Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New ZealandTill Winfried Bamighausen - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, GermanySimon Barquera - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoLope H. Barrero - Pontifical Javeriana Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, ColombiaShahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi - Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Dept Psychiat, 1621 E 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USANeeraj Bedi - Jazan Univ, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaEttore Beghi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, ItalyMasoud Behzadifar - Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, IranMeysam Behzadifar - Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, IranBayu Begashaw Bekele - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaEyasu Tamru Bekru - Wolaita Sodo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci & Med, Sodo, EthiopiaAbate Bekele Belachew - Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, EthiopiaYihalem Abebe Belay - Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, EthiopiaMichelle L. Bell - Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USAAminu K. Bello - Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDerrick A. Bennett - Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, EnglandIsabela M. Bensenor - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilAdugnaw Berhane - Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEduardo Bernabe - Kings Coll London, Dent Inst, London, EnglandRobert S. Bernstein - Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, CA USAMircea Beuran - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania'Find Beyranvand - Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, IranNeeraj Bhala - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res & Translat Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandSamir Bhatt - Imperial Coll London, London, EnglandSoumyadeep Bhaumik - George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, IndiaZulfiqar A. Bhutta - Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, CanadaBelete Biadgo - Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Chem, Gondar, EthiopiaMolly H. Biehl - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAli Bijani - Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol Sar, IranBoris Bikbov - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchVer Bilano - Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, EnglandNigus Bililign - Woldia Univ, Woldia, EthiopiaMuhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed - Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaDonal Bisanzio - Res Triangle Inst Int, Global Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USATone Bjorge - Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, NorwayArchie Bleyer - Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Radiat Med, Portland, OR 97201 USAEshetu Mulisa Bobasa - Jimma Univ, Sch Pharm, Jimma, EthiopiaIbrahim R. Bou-Orm - Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, LebanonSoufiane Boufous - Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety Res, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaRupert Bourne - Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vision & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, EnglandOliver J. Brady - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, EnglandLuisa C. Brant - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilCarol Brayne - Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, EnglandAlexandra Brazinova - Comenius Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Bratislava, SlovakiaNicholas J. K. Breitborde - Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USAHermann Brenner - German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, GermanyPaul Svitil Briant - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAndrey Nikolaevich Briko - Hlth Technol Assessment Assoc, Comm Comprehens Assessment Med Devices & informat, Moscow, RussiaGabrielle Britton - Inst Sci Res & High Technol Serv, Neurosci, City Of Knowledge, PanamaTraolach Brugha - Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, EnglandRachelle Buchbinder - Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaReinhard Busse - Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, GermanyZahid A. Butt - Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, CanadaLucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoJulio Cesar Campuzano Rincon - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoJorge Cano - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, EnglandRosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Populat & Hlth, Mexico City, DF, MexicoJuan J. Carrero - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, SwedenAustin Carter - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAFelix Carvalho - Univ Porto, Inst Publ Hlth, Porto, PortugalCarlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, ColombiaJacqueline Castillo Rivas - Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Area Estadist, Direcc Actuarial, San Jose, Costa RicaFranz Castro - Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Dept Res & Hlth Technol Assessment, Panama City, PanamaFerran Catala-Lopez - Inst Hlth Carlos III, Dept Hlth Planning & Econ, Madrid, SpainKelly M. Cercy - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAEster Cerin - Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaYazan Chaiah - Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJung-Chen Chang - Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, TaiwanFiona J. Charlson - Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USAVijay Kumar Chattu - Univ West Indies, Fac Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinidad TobagoPeggy Pei-Chia Chiang - Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance, Gold Coast, Qld, AustraliaAbdulaal Chitheer - Minist Hlth, Baghdad, IraqJee-Young J. Choi - Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biomed Sci, Biochem, Seoul, South KoreaHanne Christensen - Univ Copenhagen, Inst Clin Med, Copenhagen, DenmarkDevasahayam J. Christopher - Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSheng-Chia Chung - UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, EnglandFlavia M. Cicuttini - Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaMassimo Cirillo - Univ Salerno, Scuola Med Salernitana, Baronissi, ItalyDaniel Collado-Mateo - Univ Extremadura, Badajoz, SpainCyrus Cooper - Univ Southampton, NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Southampton, Hants, EnglandPaolo Angelo Cortesi - Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, ItalyMonica Cortinovis - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchEwerton Cousin - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilMichael H. Criqui - Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAElizabeth A. Cromwell - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMarita Cross - Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaJohn A. Crump - Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New ZealandAlemneh Kabeta Daba - Hawassa Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Hawassa, EthiopiaBerihun Assefa Dachew - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaAbel Fekadu Dadi - Jimma UniversityLalit Dandona - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USARakhi Dandona - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAPaul I. Dargan - Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, EnglandAhmad Daryani - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, IranRajat Das Gupta - BRAC Univ, James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, BangladeshJose Das Neves - Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn, Porto, PortugalTamirat Tesfaye Dasa - Haramaya Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Harar, EthiopiaDragos Virgil Davitoiu - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, RomaniaFernando Pio De la Hoz - Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Publ Hlth, Bogota, ColombiaDiego De Leo - Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Mt Gravatt, Qld, AustraliaJan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, GermanyHans De Steur - Univ Ghent, Dept Agr Econ, Ghent, BelgiumMeaza Girma Degefa - Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, EthiopiaLouisa Degenhardt - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASelina Deiparine - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAGebre Teklemariam Demoz - Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEdgar Denova-Gutierrez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoKebede Deribe - Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaNikolaos Dervenis - Natl Hlth Serv Scotland, Informat Serv Div, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandDon C. Des Jarlais - Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USASubhojit Dey - Disha Fdn, Gurgaon, IndiaSamath D. Dharmaratne - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMeghnath Dhimal - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, NepalMesfin Tadese Dinberu - Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Midwifery, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaM. Ashworth Dirac - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAShirin Djalalinia - Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Deputy Res & Technol, Tehran, IranLinh Doan - Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Hlth Serv Management, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamKlara Dokova - Med Univ Varna, Dept Social Med & Hlth Care Org, Varna, BulgariaDavid Teye Doku - Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, GhanaE. Ray Dorsey - Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USAKerrie E. Doyle - RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth & Biomed Sci, Bundoora, Vic, AustraliaTim Robert Driscoll - Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaManisha Dubey - United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, IndiaEleonora Dubljanin - Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, SerbiaEyasu Ejeta Duken - Jimma Univ, Mycobacteriol Res Ctr, Jimma, EthiopiaBruce B. Duncan - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilAndre R. Duraes - Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, BrazilHedyeh Ebrahimi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranSoheil Ebrahimpour - Ctr Infect Dis Res, Babol Sar, IranMichelle M. Echko - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USADumessa Edessa - Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, EthiopiaDavid Edvardsson - La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaAndem Effiong - Univ Newcastle, Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaAnne Elise Eggen - Univ Tromso, Dept Community Med, Tromso, NorwayJoshua R. Ehrlich - Univ Michigan, Inst Hlth Care Policy & Innovat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USACharbel El Bcheraoui - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAZiad El-Khatib - Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, SwedenIqbal R. F. Elyazar - Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, IndonesiaAhmadali Enayati - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Sari, IranMelese Linger Endalifer - Woldia Univ, Woldia, EthiopiaAman Yesuf Endries - St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Publ Hlth Dept, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaBenjamin Er - Minist Hlth, Singapore, SingaporeHolly E. Erskine - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaSharareh Eskandarieh - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAlireza Esteghamati - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, IranSadaf Esteghamati - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrine Res Ctr, Tehran, IranHamed Fakhim - Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol & Mycol, Orumiyeh, IranMahbobeh Faramarzi - Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, IranMohammad Fareed - Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFarzaneh Farhadi - Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, IranTalha A. Farid - Univ Louisville, Div Cardiovasc Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USACarla Sofia E. Sa Farinha - Natl Stat Off, Lisbon, PortugalAndrea Farioli - Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, ItalyAndre Faro - Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, BrazilFarshad Farzadfar - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAli Akbar Fazaeli - Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Hamadan, IranValery L. Feigin - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USANetsanet Fentahun - Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Nutr, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaSeyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, SwedenEduarda Fernandes - Univ Porto, REQUIMTE LAQV, Porto, PortugalJoao C. Fernandes - Catholic Univ Portugal, Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem, Porto, PortugalAlize J. Ferrari - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaManuela L. Ferreira - Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaIrina Filip - Kaiser Permanente, Psychiat, Fontana, CA USAFlorian Fischer - Bielefeld Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Bielefeld, GermanyChristina Fitzmaurice - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USANataliya A. Foigt - Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, UkraineKyle J. Foreman - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USATahvi D. Frank - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USATakeshi Fukumoto - Canc Inst, Gene Express & Regulat Program, Philadelphia, PA USANancy PullmanThomas Furst - Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, SwitzerlandJoao M. Furtado - Univ Sao Paulo, Div Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, BrazilEmmanuela Gakidou - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USASeana Gall - Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaSilvano Gallus - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, ItalyMorsaleh Ganji - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAlberto L. Garcia-Basteiro - Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, TB, Manhica, MozambiqueWilliam M. Gardner - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAbadi Kahsu Gebre - Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, EthiopiaAmanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin - Jimma Univ, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Jimma, EthiopiaTeklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael - Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, EthiopiaTilayie Feto Gelano - Haramaya Univ, Harar, EthiopiaJohanna M. Geleijnse - Wageningen Univ & Res, Div Human Nutr & Hlth, Wageningen, NetherlandsRicard Genova-Maleras - Reg Hlth Council, Directorate Gen Publ Hlth, Madrid, SpainYilma Chisha Dea Geramo - Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, EthiopiaPeter W. Gething - Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, EnglandKebede Embaye Gezae - Mekelle Univ, Dept Biostat, Mekelle, EthiopiaMohammad Rasoul Ghadami - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sleep Disorders Res Ctr, Kermanshah, IranKeyghobad Ghadiri - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, IranMaryam Ghasemi-Kasman - Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, IranMamata Ghimire - Univ Tsukuba, Dept Hlth Care Policy & Management, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanAloke Gopal Ghoshal - Natl Allergy Asthma & Bronchitis Inst, Dept Resp Med, Kolkota, IndiaParamjit Singh Gill - Univ Warwick, Unit Acad Primary Care, Coventry, W Midlands, EnglandTiffany K. Gill - Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaIbrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi - Univ Hail, Dept Family & Community Med, Hail, Saudi ArabiaGiorgia Giussani - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, ItalyElena V. Gnedovskaya - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, RussiaEllen M. Goldberg - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASrinivas Goli - Jawahar Lal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi, IndiaHector Gomez-Dantes - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoPhilimon N. Gona - Univ Massachusetts, Nursing & Hlth Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USASameer Vali Gopalani - Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Oklahoma City, OK USATaren M. Gorman - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAlessandra C. Goulart - Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, BrazilBarbara Niegia Garcia Goulart - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilAyman Grada - Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USAGiuseppe Grosso - Vittorio Emanuele Univ, Hosp Polyclin, Registro Tumori Integra, Catania, ItalyHarish Chander Gugnani - St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, The Valley, AnguillaFrancis Guillemin - Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, FranceYuming Guo - Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaPrakash C. Gupta - Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USARahul Gupta - West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Commissioner Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USARajeev GuptaTanush Gupta - Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USAReyna Alma Gutierrez - Ramon De La Dictate Muniz Natl Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosociai Res, Mexico City, DF, MexicoBishal Gyawali - Nepal Dev Soc, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Pokhara, NepalJuanita A. Haagsma - Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, NetherlandsVladimir Hachinski - Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, CanadaNima Hafezi-Nejad - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, IranHassan Haghparast Bidgoli - UCL, Inst Global Hlth, London, EnglandTekleberhan B. Hagos - Mekelle Univ, Anat Unit, Mekelle, EthiopiaTewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis - Haramaya Univ, Harar, EthiopiaArvin Haj-Mirzaian - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, IranArya Haj-Mirzaian - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, IranRandah R. Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, BahrainSamer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesAlexis J. Handal - Univ New Mexico, Populat Hlth Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USAGraeme J. Hankey - International Institute for Population SciencesYuantao Hao - Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Global Hlth Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaHilda L. Harb - Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Vital & Hlth Stat, Beirut, LebanonSivadasanpillai Harikrishnan - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Cardiol Dept, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaHamidreza Haririan - Tabriz Univ Medical Sci, Tabriz, IranJosep Maria Haro - Sum Juan De Dios Sanitary Pk, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, SpainHadi Hassankhani - Tabriz Univ Medical Sci, Tabriz, IranHamid Yimam Hassen - Mizan Tepi Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Teppi, EthiopiaRasmus Havmoeller - Karolinska Univ Hosp, Clin Sci, Stockholm, SwedenRoderick J. Hay - Kings Coll London, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London, EnglandSimon I. Hay - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAkbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, IranBehzad Heibati - Iran Univ Med Sci, Pollut Res Ctr, Tehran, IranDelia Hendrie - Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, AustraliaAndualem Henok - Mizan Tepi Univ, Teppi, EthiopiaIleana Heredia-Pi - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoClaudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, RomaniaFatemeh Heydarpour - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Fac Nutr & Food Sci, Kermanshah, IranPouria Heydarpour - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranDesalegn Tsegaw Hibstu - Hawassa Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Hawassa, EthiopiaHans W. Hoek - Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, NetherlandsHoward J. Hoffman - Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bogota, ColombiaMichael K. Hole - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USAEnayatollah Homaie Rad - Guilan Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Rasht, IranPraveen Hoogar - Manipal Univ, Transdisciplinary Ctr Qualitat Methods, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaH. Dean Hosgood - Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USASeyed Mostafa Hosseini - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranMehdi Hosseinzadeh - Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, IranMihaela Hostiuc - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, RomaniaSorin Hostiuc - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, RomaniaPeter J. Hotez - Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Houston, TX 77030 USADamian G. Hoy - Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaMohamed Hsairi - Med Sch Tunis, Fac Med Tunis, Baab Saadoun, TunisiaAung Soe Htet - Minist Hlth & Sports, Int Relat Div, Naypyidaw, MyanmarJohn J. Huang - Yale Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, New Haven, CT USAKim Moesgaard Iburg - Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, DenmarkChad Thomas Ikeda - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAOlayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - Univ Liberia, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Monrovia, LiberiaSeyed Sina Naghibi Irvani - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranCaleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaFarhad Islami - Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USAKathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USALeila Jahangiry - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot Dept, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaNader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Safety Promot & Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Tehran, IranSudhir Kumar Jain - Natl Ctr Dis Control Delhi, Dept Parasit Dis, Delhi, IndiaMihajlo Jakovljevic - Univ Kragujevac, Med Sci Dept, Kragujevac, SerbiaSpencer L. James - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAchala Upendra Jayatilleke - Univ Colombo, Fac Grad Studies, Colombo, Sri LankaPanniyammakal Jeemon - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaRavi Praikash Jha - Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaVivekanand Jha - Univ Oxford, Oxford, EnglandJohn S. Ji - Duke Kunshan Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R ChinaCatherine O. Johnson - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJost B. Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, GermanyJitendra Jonnagaddala - Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaZahra Jorjoran Shushtari - Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci Tehran, Tehran, IranAnkur Joshi - All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, IndiaJacek Jerzy Jozwiak - Univ Opole, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Opole, PolandSuresh Banayya Jungari - Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaMikk Jurisson - Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, EstoniaZubair Kabir - Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, IrelandRajendra Kadel - London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Personal Social Serv Res Unit, London, EnglandAmaha Kahsay - Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, EthiopiaRizwan Kalani - Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USATanuj Kanchan - All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, New Delhi, IndiaChittaranjan Kar - Srirama Chandra Bhanja Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Cuttack, Orissa, IndiaManoochehr Karami - Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Hamadan, IranBehzad Karami Matin - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Fac Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, IranAndre Karch - Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Epidemiol, Braunschweig, GermanyCorine Karema - Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Malaria Vaccines, Basel, SwitzerlandNarges Karimi - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Sari, IranSeyed M. Karimi - Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA USAAmir Kasaeian - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Malignancies Res Ctr, Tehran, IranDessalegn H. Kassa - Debre Markos Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Markos, EthiopiaGetachew Mullu Kassa - Debre Markos Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Markos, EthiopiaTesfaye Dessale Kassa - Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, EthiopiaNicholas J. Kassebaum - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASrinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - Univ Glasgow, CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, MRC, Glasgow, Lanark, ScotlandAnil Kaul - Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Hlth Care Adm, Tulsa, OK USANorito Kawakami - Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, JapanZhila Kazemi - Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, IranAli Kazemi Karyani - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Fac Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, IranMasoud Masoud Keighobadi - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Sci Res Ctr, Sari, IranPeter Njenga Keiyoro - Univ Nairobi, ODeL Campus, Nairobi, KenyaLaura Kemmer - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAGrant Rodgers Kemp - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAndre Pascal Kengne - Med Res Council South Africa, Noncommunicable Dis Res Unit, Cape Town, South AfricaAndre Keren - Assuta Hosp, Inst Cardiol, Tel Aviv Yaffo, IsraelYousef Saleh Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Ramtha, JordanBehzad Khafaei - Azad Univ, Omidiyeh Branch, Dept Stat, Tehran, IranMorteza Abdullatif Khafaie - Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Ahvaz, IranAlireza Khajavi - Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Tehran, IranNauman Khalid - Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, PakistanIbrahim A. Khalil - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAEjaz Ahnead Khan - Hlth Serv Acad, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Islamabad, PakistanMuhammad Shahzeb Khan - John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL USAMuhammad Ali Khan - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USAYoung-Ho Khang - Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South KoreaMona M. Khater - Cairo Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Cairo, EgyptMohammad Khazaei - Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Hamadan, IranAbdullah T. Khoja - Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArdeshir Khosravi - Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, IranMohammad Hossein Khosravi - Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, IranAliasghar A. Kiadaliri - Lund UniversityZelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam - Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, EthiopiaDaniel N. Kiirithio - Kenya Revenue Author, Res Dept, Nairobi, KenyaCho-Il Kim - Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South KoreaDaniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USAYoung-Eun Kim - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South KoreaYon Jin KimRuth W. Kimokoti - Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USAYohannes Kinfu - Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaAdnan Kisa - Univ Oslo, Dept Hlth Management & Hlth Econ, Oslo, NorwayKatarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek - Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Hlth Econ & Social Secur, Krakow, PolandAnn Kristin Skrindo Knudsen - Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, NorwayJonathan M. Kocarnik - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASonali Kochhar - Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USAYoshihiro Kokubo - Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, JapanTufa Kolola - Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaJacek A. Kopec - Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaSoewarta KosenGeorgios A. Kotsakis - Univ Washington, Dept Periodont, Seattle, WA 98195 USAParvaiz A. Koul - Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, IndiaAi Koyanagi - Sum Juan De Dios Sanitary Pk, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, SpainKewal Krishan - Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, IndiaSanjay Krishnaswami - Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USAKristopher J. Krohn - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USABarthelemy Kuate Defo - Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, CanadaBurcu Kucuk Bicer - Yuksek Ihtisas Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ankara, TurkeyG. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, IndiaManasi Kumar - UCL, Dept Psychol, London, EnglandIgor Kuzin - Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USADeepesh P. Lad - Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Internal Med, Chandigarh, IndiaSheetal D. Lad - Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh, IndiaAlessandra Lafranconi - Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, ItalyRatilal Lalloo - Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaTea Lallukka - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Populat & Work Abil Program, Helsinki, FinlandFaris Hasan Lami - Acad Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, IraqJustin J. Lang - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSinead M. Langan - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London, EnglandVan C. Itansingh - HelpMeSee, New York, NY USAArman Latifi - Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, IranKathryn Mei-Ming Lau - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJeffrey V. Lazarus - Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, SpainJanet L. Leasher - Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USAJorge R. Ledesma - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAPaul H. Lee - Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaJames Leigh - University of SydneyMostafa Leili - Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Hamadan, IranCheru Tesema Leshargie - Debre Markos Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Markos, EthiopiaJanni Leung - Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaMiriam Levi - Local Hlth Unit Tuscany Ctr, Reg Ctr Anal Data Occupat & Work Related Injuries, Florence, ItalySonia Lewycka - Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, EnglandShanshan Li - Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaYichong Li - Shenzhen Sun Yat Sen Cardiovasc Hosp, Dept Clin Res & Epidemiol, Shenzhen, Peoples R ChinaXiaofeng Liang - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaYu Liao - Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Med Stat & Epidemiol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaMisgan Legesse Liben - Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, EthiopiaLee-Ling Lim - Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaStephen S. Lim - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMiteku Andualem Limenih - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaShai LinnShiwei Liu - Ctr Chron Dis Control, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaKatharine J. Looker - Univ Bristol, Bristol Med Sch, Populat Hlth Sci, Bristol, Avon, EnglandAlan D. Lopez - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAStefan Lorkowski - Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr, Jena, GermanyPaulo A. Lotufo - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilRafael Lozano - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USATim C. D. Lucas - Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Oxford, EnglandRaimundas Lunevicius - Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv NHS Fdn Trust, Gen Surg Dept, Liverpool, Merseyside, EnglandRonan A. Lyons - Swansea Univ, Hlth Data Res UK, Swansea, W Glam, WalesStefan Ma - Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control, Singapore, SingaporeErlyn Rachelle King Macarayan - Univ Philippines Manila, Dev & Commun Studies, Manila, PhilippinesMark T. Mackay - Royal Childrens Hosp, Neurol Dept, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaEmilie R. Maddison - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAFabiana Madotto - Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, ItalyDhaval P. Maghavani - Grant Med Coll & Sir JJ Grp Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, IndiaHue Thi Mai - Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, VietnamMarek Majdan - Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, SlovakiaReza Majdzadeh - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Knowledge Utilizat Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAzeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, EnglandReza Malekzadeh - Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, IranDeborah Carvalho Malta - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilAbdullah A. Mamun - Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaAna-Laura Manda - Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Surg Dept, Bucharest, RomaniaHelena Manguerra - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMohammad Ali Mansournia - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranAna Maria Mantilla Herrera - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaLorenzo Giovanni Mantovani - Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, ItalyJoemer C. Maravilla - Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaWagner Marcenes - Kings Coll London, Div Patient & Populat, London, EnglandAshley Marks - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAFrancisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, BrazilIra Martopullo - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAWinfried Marz - Heidelberg Univ, Med Clin 5, Heidelberg, GermanyMelvin B. Marzan - Univ East, Grad Sch, Ramon Magsaysay Mem Med Ctr, Quezon City, PhilippinesJoao Massano - Univ Porto, Dept Clin Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Fac Med, Porto, PortugalBenjamin Ballard Massenburg - Univ Washington, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USAManu Raj Mathur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, IndiaPallab K. Maulik - George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, IndiaMohsen Mazidi - Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Biol & Biol Engn, Gothenburg, SwedenColm McAlinden - Lywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Carmarthen, Dyfed, WalesJohn J. McGrath - Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaMartin McKee - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, EnglandBrian J. McMahon - Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USASuresh Mehata - Ipas Nepal, Res Monitoring & Evaluat, Kathmandu, NepalRavi Mehrotra - Natl Inst Canc Prevent & Res, Prevent Oncol, Noida, IndiaKala M. Mehta - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAVarshil Mehta - Sevenhills Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Bombay, Maharashtra, IndiaFabiola Mejia-Rodriguez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Invest Nutr & Salud, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoTesfa Mekonen - Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Psychiat, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaAddisu Melese - Debre Tabor Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaMulugeta Melku - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaPeter T. N. Memiah - Univ West Florida, Dept Publ Hlth, Pensacola, FL 32514 USAZiad A. Memish - Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaWalter Mendoza - United Nations Populat Fund UNEPA, Peru Country Off, Lima, PeruGetnet Mengistu - Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, EthiopiaGeorge A. Mensah - NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USASeid Tiku Mereta - Jimma Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Technol, Jimma, EthiopiaAtte Meretoja - Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Qld, AustraliaTuomo J. Meretoja - Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandTemislav Mestrovic - Dr Zora Ozic Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, CroatiaBartosz Miazgowski - Pomeranian Med Univ, Emergency Dept, Szczecin, PolandTomasz Miazgowski - Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Hypertens, Szczecin, PolandAnoushka I. Millear - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USATed R. Miller - Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, AustraliaG. K. Mini - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaMojde Mirarefin - Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson City, NV USAAndreea Mirica - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, RomaniaErkin M. Mirrakhimov - Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Fac Gen Med, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanAwoke Temesgen Misganaw - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAPhilip B. Mitchell - Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaHabtamu Mitiku - Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, EthiopiaBabak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, GermanyBahram Mohajer - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranKarzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad - Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaMoslem Mohammadi - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Sari, IranNoushin Mohammadifard - Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, IranMousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi - Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Babol Sar, IranMohammed A. Mohammed - Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jigjiga, EthiopiaShafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, GermanyFarnam Mohebi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranAli H. Mokdad - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMariam Molokhia - Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, EnglandLorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, ItalyJulio Cesar Montanez - Natl Hlth Res Inst, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoMahmood Moosazadeh - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, IranGhobad Moradi - Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, IranMahmoudreza Moradi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Urol, Kermanshah, IranMaziar Moradi-Lakeh - Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, IranMehdi Moradinazar - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, IranPaula Moraga - Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, EnglandLidia Morawska - Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaIlais Moreno Velasquez - Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, PanamaJoana Morgado-Da-Costa - Hosp Sto Antonio, Hosp Ctr Porto, Porto, PortugalShane Douglas Morrison - Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMarilita M. Moschos - Univ Athens, Dept Ophthalmol 1, Athens, GreeceSeyyed Meysam Mousavi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, IranKalayu Brhane Mruts - Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaAchenef Asmamaw Muche - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaKindie Fentahun Muchie - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaUlrich Otto Mueller - Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, GermanyOumer Sada Muhammed - Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharm, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSatinath Mukhopadhyay - Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, IndiaKate Muller - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJohn Everett Mumford - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAG. V. S. Murthy - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hyderabad, IndiaKamarul Imran Musa - Sci Univ Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, MalaysiaGhulam Mustafa - Nishtar Med Univ, Pediat Dept, Multan, PakistanAshraf F. Nabhan - Ain Shams Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cairo, EgyptChie Nagata - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, JapanGabriele Nagel - Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, GermanyMohsen Naghavi - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAliya Naheed - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Initiat Non Communicable Dis, Dhaka, BangladeshAzin Nahvijou - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, IranGurudatta Naik - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USAFarid Najafi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, IranHae Sung Nam - Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Daejeon, South KoreaVinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaJobert Richie Nansseu - Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Epidem & Pandem Control, Beirut, LebanonNahid Neamati - Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol Sar, IranIonut Negoi - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaRuxandra Irina Negoi - Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Anat & Embryol Dept, Bucharest, RomaniaSubas Neupane - Univ Tampere, Fac Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci, Tampere, FinlandCharles Richard James Newton - Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford, EnglandJosephine W. Ngunjiri - Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, KenyaAnh Quynh Nguyen - Hanoi Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Econ & Finance, Hanoi, VietnamGrant Nguyen - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAHa Thu Nguyen - Hanoi Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, VietnamHuong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, VietnamHuong Thanh NguyenLong Hoang Nguyen - Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Hlth, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamMinh Nguyen - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USANam Ba Nguyen - Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamSon Hoang Nguyen - Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamEmma Nichols - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USADina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - State Univ Semarang, Publ Hlth Sci Dept, Kota Semarang, IndonesiaMolly R. Nixon - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAShuhei Nomura - Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, JapanMehdi Noroozi - Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci Tehran, Tehran, IranBo Norrving - Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, SwedenJean Jacques Noubiap - Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South AfricaHamid Reza Nouri - Babol Univ Med Sci, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Ctr, Babol Sar, IranMalihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, IranMohammad Reza Nowroozi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, IranElaine O. Nsoesie - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAPeter S. Nyasulu - Stellenbosch Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South AfricaChristopher M. Odell - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USARichard Ofori-Asenso - Monash Univ, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Educ Therapeut, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaFelix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney Univ, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaIn-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South KoreaOlanrewaju Oladimeji - Human Sci Res Council, Dept HIV AIDS STIs & TB, Durban, South AfricaAndrew T. Olagunju - Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaTinuke O. Olagunju - McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, CanadaPedro R. Olivares - Autonomous Univ Chile, Inst Phys Act & Hlth, Talca, ChileHelen Elizabeth Olsen - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USABolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Ikoyi, NigeriaJacob Olusegun Olusanya - Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Ikoyi, NigeriaKanyin L. Ong - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASok King Ong - Minist Hlth, NCD Prevent & Control Unit, Bandar Seri Begawan, BruneiEyal Oren - Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAlberto Ortiz - Autonomous Univ Madrid, Sch Med, Madrid, SpainErika Ota - St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Global Hlth Nursing, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, JapanStanislav S. Otstavnov - Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Ctr Healthcare Qual Assessment & Control, Moscow, RussiaSimon Overland - Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, NorwayMayowa Ojo Owolabi - Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, NigeriaP. A. MaheshRosana Pacella - Queensland Univ Technol, Australian Ctr Hlth Serv Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaAbhijit P. Pakhare - All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, IndiaAmir H. Pakpour - Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Qazvin, IranAdrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, RomaniaSonghomitra Panda-Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg, GermanyEun-Kee Park - Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South KoreaJames Park - Harvard Univ, Dept Riostat, Boston, MA 02115 USACharles D. H. Parry - Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South AfricaHadi Parsian - Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol Sar, IranYahya Pasdar - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Kermanshah, IranShanti Patel - Maimonides Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USASnehal T. Patil - Deemed Univ, Krishna Inst Med Sci, Karad, IndiaAjay Patle - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, IndiaGeorge C. Patton - Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Qld, AustraliaVishnupriya Rao Paturi - Diabet Res Soc, Clin Res Dept, Hyderabad, IndiaDeepak Paudel - Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, NepalKatherine R. Paulson - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USANeil Pearce - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Med Stat, London, EnglandAlexandre Pereira - Harvard Univ, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USADavid M. Pereira - Univ Porto, REQUIMTE LAQV, Porto, PortugalNorberto Perico - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchKonrad PesudovsMax Petzold - Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Gothenburg, SwedenHai Quang Pham - Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Hanoi, VietnamMichael R. Phillips - Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaDavid M. Pigott - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJulian David Pillay - Durban Univ Technol, Basic Med Sci Dept, Durban, South AfricaMichael A. Piradov - Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, RussiaMeghdad Pirsaheb - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, IranFarhad Pishgar - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranOleguer Plana-Ripoll - Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, DenmarkSuzanne Polinder - Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, NetherlandsSvetlana Popova - Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, CanadaMaarten J. Postma - Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsAkram Pourshams - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranHossein Poustchi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranDorairaj Prabhakaran - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, IndiaSwayam Prakash - Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaV. Prakash - Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Ashok & Rita Patel Inst Physiotherapy, Anand, Gujarat, IndiaNarayan Prasad - Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaCaroline A. Purcell - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMostafa Qorbani - Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, IranD. Alex Quistberg - Drexel Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAAmir Radfar - AT Still Univ, Mesa, AZ USAAnwar Rafay - Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Lahore, PakistanAlireza Rafiei - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, IranFakher Rahim - Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Ahvaz, IranKazem Rahimi - Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Womens & Reprod Hlth, Oxford, EnglandZohreh Rahimi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Kermanshah, IranAfarin Rahimi-Movaghar - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iranian Natl Ctr Addict Studies, Tehran, IranVafa Rahimi-Movaghar - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, IranMahfuzar Rahman - La Trobe Univ, Austin Clin Sch Nursing, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaMohammad Hifz Ur Rahman - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Bombay, Maharashtra, IndiaMuhammad Aziz RahmanSajjad Ur Rahman - Sweidi Hosp, Dept Clin Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRajesh Kumar Rai - Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, IndiaFatemeh Rajati - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Kermanshah, IranPnabhat Ranjan - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USAPuja C. Rao - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USADavide Rasella - Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Publ Hlth, Salvador, BA, BrazilDavid Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, EnglandSalman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, EnglandK. Srinath Reddy - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, IndiaRobert C. Reiner - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMarissa Bettay Reitsma - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAGiuseppe Remuzzi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, ItalyAndre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSerge Resnikoff - Brien Holden Vision Inst, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSatar Rezaei - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Environm Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Kermanshah, IranMohammad Sadegh Rezai - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Sari, IranAntonio Luiz P. Ribeiro - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Fed Univ Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilNicholas L. S. Roberts - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAStephen R. Robinson - RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol, Bundoora, Vic, AustraliaLeonardo Roever - Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilLuca Ronfani - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchGholamreza Roshandel - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranAli Rostami - Babol Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis & Trop Med Res Ctr, Babol Sar, IranGregory A. Roth - Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USADietrich Rothenbacher - Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, GermanyEnrico Rubagotti - Ikiam Amazon Reg Univ, Biotechnol, Ciudad De Tena, EcuadorPerminder S. Sachdev - Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaNafis Sadat - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAEhsan Sadeghi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Food Technol & Qual Control, Kermanshah, IranSahar Saeedi Moghaddam - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranHosein Safari - Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurosurg, Ahvaz, IranYahya Safari - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, IranRoya Safari-Faramani - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Fac Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, IranMahdi Safdarian - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, IranSare Safi - Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, IranSaeid Safiri - Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Maragheh, IranRajesh Sagar - All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, New Delhi, IndiaAmirhossein Sahebkar - Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Neurogen Inflammat Res Ctr, Mashhad, IranMohammad Ali Sahraian - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranHaniye Sadat Sajadi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iran Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, IranNasir Salam - Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJoseph S. Salama - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAPayman Salamati - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, IranZikria Saleem - Punjab Univ, Coll Pharm, Anarkali, PakistanYahya Salimi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, IranHamideh Salimzadeh - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranJoshua A. Salomon - Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USASundeep Santosh Salvi - Chest Res Fdn, Clin Res Div, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaInbal Salz - Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New ZealandAbdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, EgyptJuan Sanabria - Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USAMaria Dolores Sanchez-Nino - Jimenez Diaz Fdn Univ Hosp, Inst Hlth Res, Nephrol Grp, Madrid, SpainDamian Francesco Santomauro - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaItamar S. Santos - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilJoso Vasco Santos - Univ Porto, Dept Community Med, Porto, PortugalMilena M. Santric Milicevic - Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, SerbiaBruno Piassi Sao Jose - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Postgrad Program Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilMayank Sardana - Univ Massachusetts, Med Sch, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USAAbdur Razzaque Sarker - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Econ & Financing Res Grp, Dhaka, BangladeshRodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez - Univ Appl & Environm Sci, Fac Med, Dept Hlth & Soc, Bogota, ColombiaNizal Sarrafzadegan - Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBenn Sartorius - Univ Kwazulu Natal, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South AfricaShahabeddin Sarvi - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, IranBrijesh Sathian - Hamad Med Corp, Surg Dept, Doha, QatarMaheswar Satpathy - Utkal Univ, UGC Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, IndiaArundhati R. Sawant - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USAMonika Sawhney - Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USASonia Saxena - Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, EnglandElke Schaeffner - Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, GermanyMaria Ines Schmidt - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilIone J. C. Schneider - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua, BrazilAletta Elisabeth Schutte - South African Med Res Council, Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Cape Town, South AfricaDavid C. Schwebel - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USAFalk Schwendicke - Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Dept Operat & Prevent Dent, Berlin, GermanyJames G. Scott - Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaMario Sekerija - Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol & Med Informat, Zagreb, CroatiaSadaf G. Sepanlou - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, IranEdson Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoSeyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Expertise Microbiol, Tehran, IranHosein Shabaninejad - Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy, Tehran, IranAzadeh Shafieesabet - NYU, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY USAMehdi Shahbazi - Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Babol Sar, IranAmira A. Shaheen - An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, PalestineMasood Ali ShaikhMehran Shams-Beyranvand - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, IranMohammadbagher Shamsi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sports Med & Rehabil, Kermanshah, IranHeidar Sharafi - Middle East Liver Dis Ctr, Dept Mol Hepatol, Tehran, IranKiomars Sharafi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, IranMehdi Sharif - Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Lab Sci, Sari, IranMahdi Sharif-Alhoseini - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, IranJayendra Sharma - Minist Hlth, Policy & Planning Div, Thimphi, BhutanRajesh Sharma - Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management & Entrepreneurship, New Delhi, IndiaJun She - Fudan Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaAziz Sheikh - Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med & Primary Care, Boston, MA 02115 USAPeilin Shi - Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USAKenji Shibuya - Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, JapanMekonnen Sisay Shiferaw - Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, EthiopiaMika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, JapanRahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, FinlandReza Shirkoohi - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, IranIvy Shiue - Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Med Epidemiol, Halle, GermanyYalda Shokoohinia - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Sci Res Ctr, Kermanshah, IranFarhad Shokraneh - Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Nottingham, EnglandHaitham Shoman - Imperial Coll London, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, EnglandMark G. Shrime - Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USASi Si - Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaSoraya Siabani - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Imam Ali Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Kermanshah, IranAbla Mehio Sibai - Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Beirut, LebanonTariq J. Siddiqi - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, PakistanInga Dora Sigfusdottir - Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY USARannveig Sigurvinsdottir - Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, IcelandDiego Augusto Santos Silva - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Sch Hlth Sci, Ararangua, BrazilJoao Pedro Silva - Univ Porto, UCIBIO, Porto, PortugalDayane Gabriele Alves Silveira - Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Hlth Ind Complex:and Innovat Hlth, Beirut, LebanonNarayana Sarma Venkata Singam - Univ Louisville, Div Cardiovasc Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USAJasvinder A. Singh - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USANarinder Pal Singh - Max Hosp, Ghaziabad, IndiaVirendra Singh - Asthma Bhawan, Dept Pulm Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaDhirendra Narain Sinha - Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bombay, Maharashtra, IndiaEirini Skiadaresi - Lywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Carmarthen, Dyfed, WalesVegard Skirbekk - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, NorwayKaren Sliwa - Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South AfricaDavid L. Smith - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMari Smith - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAdauto Martins Soares Filho - Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Dis & Noncommunicable Dis & Hlth Promot, Beirut, LebanonBadr Hasan Sobaih - King Saud Univ, Dept Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSoheila Sobhani - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Anat, Tehran, IranMoslem Soofi - Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Environm Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Kermanshah, IranReed J. D. Sorensen - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAIreneous N. Soyiri - Univ Edinburgh, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandLuciano A. Sposato - Univ Western Ontario, Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, CanadaChandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaVinay Srinivasan - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJeffrey D. Stanaway - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAVladimir I. Starodubov - Minist Hlth, FRIHOI, Moscow, RussiaDan J. Stein - South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaCaitlyn Steiner - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USATimothy J. Steiner - Imperial Coll London, Div Brain Sci, London, EnglandMark A. Stokes - Deakin Univ, Dept Psychol, Burwood, Vic, AustraliaLars Jacob Stovner - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Trondheim, NorwayMichelle L. Subart - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAgus Sudaryanto - Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Nursing, Kartasura, IndonesiaMu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, NigeriaGerhard Sulo - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, NorwayBruno F. Sunguya - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaPatrick John Sur - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USABryan L. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USAP. N. Sylaja - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Neurol Dept, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaDillon O. Sylte - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USACassandra E. I. Szoeke - Australian Catholic Univ, Brain Inst, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaRafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, SpainTakahiro Tabuchi - Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, JapanSantosh Kumar Tadakamadla - Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst Queensland, Mt Gravatt, Qld, AustraliaNikhil Tandon - All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol Metab & Diabet, New Delhi, IndiaSegen Gebremeskel Tassew - Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, EthiopiaMohammad Tavakkoli - New York Med Coll, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Valhalla, NY 10595 USANuno Taveira - Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte De Caparica, PortugalHugh R. Taylor - Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Qld, AustraliaArash Tehrani-Banihashemi - Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, IranTigist Gashaw Tekalign - Haramaya Univ, Harar, EthiopiaShishay Wandey Teikelemedhin - Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, EthiopiaMerhawi Gebremedhin Tekle - Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, EthiopiaMohamad-Hari Temsah - King Saud Univ, Dept Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaOmar Temsah - Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbdullah Sulieman Terkawi - Univ Virginia, Anesthesiol Dept, Charlottesville, VA USABelay Tessema - Univ Gondar, Dept Med Microbiol, Gondar, EthiopiaMebrahtu Teweldemedhin - Aksum Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Aksum, EthiopiaKavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaAndrew Theis - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASathish Thirunavukkarasu - Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, SingaporeNihal Thomas - Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBinyam Tilahun - Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, EthiopiaQuyen G. To - Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld, AustraliaMarcello Tonelli - Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, CanadaRoman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, PolandAnna E. Torre - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMiguel Tortajada-Girbes - Univ Valencia, Dept Pediat Obstet & Gynecol, Valencia, SpainMathilde Touvier - Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Nutr Epidemiol Res Team, Paris, FranceMarcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao Paulo, BrazilJeffrey A. Towbin - Univ Tennessee, Dept Pediat, Knoxville, TN USABach Xuan Tran - Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, VietnamKhanh Bao Tran - Univ Auckland, Mol Med & Pathol, Auckland, New ZealandChristopher E. Troeger - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAfewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik - Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, EthiopiaDerrick Tsoi - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USALorainne Tudor Car - Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, SingaporeStefanos Tyrovolas - Sum Juan De Dios Sanitary Pk, Res & Dev Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, SpainKingsley Nnanna Ukwaja - Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, NigeriaIrfan Ullah - Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, PakistanEduardo A. Undurraga - Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, ChileRachel L. Updike - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMuhammad Shariq Usman - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, PakistanOlalekan A. Uthman - Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, EnglandMuthiah Vaduganathan - Harvard Univ, Heart & Vasc Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USAAfsane Vaezi - Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol & Parasitol, Sari, IranPascual R. Valdez - Argentine Soc Med, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaElena Vanavikova - Minist Hlth, FRIHOI, Cent Res Inst Cytol & Genet, Moscow, RussiaSantosh Varughese - Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaTommi Juhani Vasankari - UKK Inst, Tampere, FinlandNarayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Nat Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, SingaporeSantos Villafaina - Univ Extremadura, Sport Sci Dept, Badajoz, SpainFrancesco S. Violante - Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, ItalySergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov - Minist Hlth, FRIHOI, Moscow, RussiaVasily Vlassov - Natl Res Univ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, RussiaStein Emil Vollset - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USATheo Vos - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAKia Vosoughi - Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, IranIsidora S. Vujcic - Univ Belgrade, Fac Med Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, SerbiaFasil Shiferaw Wagnew - Debre Markos Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Markos, EthiopiaYasir Waheed - Fdn Univ, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Rawalpindi, PakistanYafeng Wang - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, BrazilYuan-Pang WangElisabete Weiderpass - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, SwedenRobert G. Weintraub - Royal Childrens Hosp, Cardiol Dept, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaDaniel J. Weiss - Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, EnglandFitsum Weldegebreal - Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, EthiopiaKidu Gidey Weldegwergs - Mekelle Univ, Clin Pharm Unit, Mekelle, EthiopiaAndrea Werdecker - Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Ageing Res Area, Wiesbaden, GermanyT. Eoin West - Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USARonny Westerman - Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up, Wiesbaden, GermanyHarvey A. Whiteford - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAJustyna Widecka - Pomeranian Med Univ, Zdroje Hosp, Szczecin, PolandTissa Wijeratne - La Trobe Univ, Dept Psychol & Counselling, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaHywel C. Williams - Univ Nottingham, Ctr Evidence Based Dermatol, Nottingham, EnglandLauren B. Wilner - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAShadrach Wilson - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAAndrea Sylvia Winkler - Univ Oslo, Inst Hlth & Soc, Oslo, NorwayAlison B. Wiyeh - Med Res Council South Africa, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South AfricaCharles Shey Wiysonge - Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South AfricaCharles D. A. Wolfe - Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, EnglandAnthony D. Woolf - Royal Cornwall Hosp, Bone & Joint Res Grp, Truro, EnglandGrant M. A. Wyper - Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, ScotlandDenis Xavier - St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaGelin Xu - Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaSimon Yadgir - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USASeyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, IranTomohide Yamada - Univ Tokyo, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, Tokyo, JapanLijing L. Yan - Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USAYuichiro Yano - Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USAMehdi Yaseri - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranYasin Jemal Yasin - Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAlex Yeshaneh - Wolkite Univ, Wolkite, EthiopiaEbrahim M. Yimer - Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, EthiopiaPaul Yip - Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaEngida Yisma - Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaNaohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Psychopharmacol, Tokyo, JapanSeok-Jun Yoon - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South KoreaMarcel Yotebieng - Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USAMustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USAMahmoud Yousefifard - Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, IranChuanhua Yu - Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R ChinaVesna Zadnik - Inst Oncol Ljubljana, Epidemiol & Canc Registry Sect, Ljubljana, SloveniaZoubida Zaidi - Univ Hosp Setif, Dept Epidemiol, Setif, AlgeriaSojib Bin Zaman - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, BangladeshMohammad Zamani - Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol Sar, IranHamed Zandian - Ardebil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, IranHeather J. Zar - Univ Cape Town, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South AfricaZerihun Menlkalew Zenebe - Mekelle Univ, Dept Midwifery, Mekelle, EthiopiaBen Zipkin - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USAMaigeng Zhou - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaSanjay Zodpey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, IndiaInbar Zucker - Minist Hlth, Israeli Ctr Dis Control, Ramat Gan, IsraelLiesl Joanna Zuhlke - Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South AfricaChristopher J. L. Murray - Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAGBD 2017 DALYs & HALE Coll
- Publication Details
- The Lancet (British edition), v 392(10159), pp 1859-1922
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 64
- Grant note
- R01MH110163 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) MC_UU_12017/15 / MRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 180129 / Cancer Foundation Finland sr Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR HDR-2004 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); European Commission P01HD031921 / EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) U01AG009740 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) NIHR/CS/010/014 / National Institute for Health Research; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Urban Health Collaborative
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000449710900006
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85056187313
- Other Identifier
- 991019169412504721
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- Web of Science research areas
- Medicine, General & Internal