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Journal article
Globally Divergent but Locally Convergent X- and Y-Chromosome Influences on Cortical Development
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), v 26(1)
01 Jan 2016
PMID: 25146371
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Abstract
Owing to their unique evolutionary history, modern mammalian X- and Y-chromosomes have highly divergent gene contents counterbalanced by regulatory features, which preferentially restrict expression of X- and Y-specific genes. These 2 characteristics make opposing predictions regarding the expected dissimilarity of X- vs. Y-chromosome influences on biological structure and function. Here, we quantify this dissimilarity using in vivo neuroimaging within a rare cohort of humans with diverse sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). We show that X- and Y-chromosomes have opposing effects on overall brain size but exert highly convergent influences on local brain anatomy, which manifest across biologically distinct dimensions of the cerebral cortex. Large-scale online meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data indicates that convergent sex chromosome dosage effects preferentially impact centers for social perception, communication, and decision-making. Thus, despite an almost complete lack of sequence homology, and opposing effects on overall brain size, X- and Y-chromosomes exert congruent effects on the proportional size of cortical systems involved in adaptive social functioning. These convergent X-Y effects (i) track the dosage of those few genes that are still shared by X- and Y-chromosomes, and (ii) may provide a biological substrate for the link between SCA and increased rates of psychopathology.
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- Title
- Globally Divergent but Locally Convergent X- and Y-Chromosome Influences on Cortical Development
- Creators
- Armin Raznahan - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.Nancy Raitano Lee - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.Deanna Greenstein - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.Gregory L. Wallace - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA.Jonathan D. Blumenthal - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.Liv S. Clasen - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.Jay N. Giedd - Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
- Publication Details
- Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), v 26(1)
- Publisher
- Oxford Univ Press
- Number of pages
- 10
- Grant note
- ZIAMH002949 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) NIH Intramural Research Program; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (Psychology)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000370972500008
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84959428581
- Other Identifier
- 991019296564804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Neurosciences