Journal article
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Autophagy, v 8(4), pp 445-544
01 Apr 2012
PMID: 22966490
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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- Title
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Creators
- Daniel J. Klionsky - University of MichiganFabio C. Abdalla - Universidade Federal de São CarlosHagai Abeliovich - Hebrew University of JerusalemRobert T. Abraham - Pfizer (United States)Abraham Acevedo-Arozena - Medical Research CouncilKhosrow Adeli - University of TorontoLotta Agholme - Linköping UniversityMaria Agnello - University of PalermoPatrizia Agostinis - KU LeuvenJulio A. Aguirre-Ghiso - New York UniversityHyung Jun AhnOuardia Ait-Mohamed - Université Paris CitéSlimane Ait-Si-Ali - Université Paris CitéTakahiko Akematsu - York UniversityShizuo Akira - The University of OsakaHesham M. Al-Younes - University of JordanMunir A. Al-Zeer - Max Planck SocietyMatthew L. Albert - Institut PasteurRoger L. Albin - University of MichiganJavier Alegre-Abarrategui - University of OxfordMaria Francesca Aleo - University of BresciaMehrdad Alirezaei - Scripps Research InstituteAlexandru Almasan - Cleveland ClinicMaylin Almonte-Becerril - Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAtsuo Amano - The University of OsakaRavi K. Amaravadi - University of PennsylvaniaShoba Amarnath - National Institutes of HealthAmal O. Amer - The Ohio State UniversityNathalie Andrieu-Abadie - Université Toulouse III - Paul SabatierVellareddy Anantharam - Iowa State UniversityDavid K. Ann - City Of Hope National Medical CenterShailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie - Griffith UniversityHiroshi Aoki - Niigata UniversityNadezda Apostolova - Universitat de ValènciaGiuseppe Arancia - Istituto Superiore di SanitàJohn P. Aris - University of FloridaKatsuhiko Asanuma - Juntendo UniversityNana Y.O. AsareHisashi Ashida - Kyoto UniversityValerie Askanas - University of Southern CaliforniaDavid S. Askew - University of CincinnatiPatrick Auberger - Université Côte d'AzurMisuzu Baba - Kogakuin UniversitySteven K. Backues - University of MichiganEric H. Baehrecke - University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolBen A. Bahr - University of North Carolina at PembrokeXue-Yuan BaiYannick Bailly - Université de StrasbourgRobert Baiocchi - The Ohio State UniversityGiulia Baldini - University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesWalter Balduini - University of UrbinoAndrea Ballabio - University of Naples Federico IIBruce A. Bamber - University of ToledoEdward T.W. Bampton - University of LeicesterGábor Juhász - Eötvös Loránd UniversityClinton R. Bartholomew - University of MichiganDiane C. Bassham - Iowa State UniversityRobert C. Bast - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHenri Batoko - UCLouvainBoon-Huat Bay - National University of SingaporeIsabelle Beau - InsermDaniel M. Béchet - University of AuvergneThomas J. Begley - University at Albany, State University of New YorkChristian Behl - Johannes Gutenberg University MainzChristian BehrendsSoumeya BekriBryan Bellaire - Iowa State UniversityLinda J. Bendall - The University of SydneyLuca Benetti - Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)Laura Berliocchi - Magna Graecia UniversityHenri Bernardi - Université de MontpellierFrancesca Bernassola - University of Rome Tor VergataSébastien Besteiro - Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIngrid Bhatia-Kissova - Comenius University BratislavaXiaoning Bi - Western University of Health SciencesMartine Biard-Piechaczyk - Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueJanice S. Blum - Indiana UniversityLawrence H. Boise - Emory UniversityPaolo Bonaldo - University of PaduaDavid L. Boone - University of ChicagoBeat C. Bornhauser - University of ZurichKarina R. Bortoluci - Universidade Federal de São PauloIoannis Bossis - University of Maryland, College ParkFrédéric Bost - Université Côte d'AzurJean-Pierre Bourquin - University of ZurichPatricia Boya - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMichaël Boyer-Guittaut - Université de franche-comtéPeter V. Bozhkov - Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesNathan R Brady - Heidelberg UniversityClaudio Brancolini - University of UdineAndreas Brech - University of OsloJay E. Brenman - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillAna Brennand - UCLouvainEmery H. Bresnick - University of Wisconsin–MadisonPatrick Brest - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceDave Bridges - University of MichiganMolly L. Bristol - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityPaul S. Brookes - University of RochesterEric J. BrownJohn H. Brumell - University of TorontoNicola Brunetti-PierriUlf T. Brunk - Linköping UniversityDennis E. Bulman - University of OttawaScott J. Bultman - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillGeert Bultynck - KU LeuvenLena F. Burbulla - University of TübingenWilfried Bursch - Medical University of ViennaJonathan P. Butchar - The Ohio State UniversityWanda Buzgariu - University of GenevaSergio P. Bydlowski - Universidade de São PauloKen Cadwell - New York UniversityMonika CahováDongsheng Cai - Yeshiva UniversityJiyang Cai - Vanderbilt UniversityQian Cai - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyBruno Calabretta - Thomas Jefferson UniversityJavier Calvo-Garrido - Universidad Autónoma de MadridNadine Camougrand - Université de BordeauxMichelangelo Campanella - Royal Veterinary CollegeJenny Campos-Salinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasEleonora Candi - University of Rome Tor VergataLizhi Cao - Central South UniversityAllan B. Caplan - University of IdahoSimon R. Carding - University of East AngliaSandra M. Cardoso - University of CoimbraJennifer S. Carew - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioCathleen R. Carlin - Case Western Reserve UniversityVirginie Carmignac - Lund UniversityLeticia A.M. Carneiro - Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroSerena Carra - University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaRosario A. Caruso - University of MessinaGiorgio Casari - Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityCaty Casas - Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaRoberta Castino - Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”Eduardo Cebollero - Utrecht UniversityFrancesco Cecconi - University of Rome Tor VergataJean Celli - National Institutes of HealthHassan Chaachouay - University of TübingenHan-Jung Chae - Jeonbuk National UniversityChee-Yin ChaiDavid C. Chan - California Institute of TechnologyEdmond Y. ChanRaymond Chuen-Chung Chang - University of Hong KongChi-Ming Che - University of Hong KongChing-Chow ChenGuang-Chao Chen - Academia SinicaGuo-Qiang Chen - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMin Chen - Baylor College of MedicineQuan Chen - Chinese Academy of SciencesSteve S.-L. Chen - Academia SinicaWenLi ChenXi Chen - Zhejiang UniversityXiangmei ChenXiequn Chen - Air Force Medical UniversityYe-Guang ChenYingyu Chen - Peking UniversityYongqiang Chen - University of MichiganYu-Jen Chen - Mackay Memorial HospitalZhixiang Chen - Purdue University West LafayetteAlan Cheng - University of LouisvilleChristopher H.K. Cheng - Chinese University of Hong KongYan Cheng - Pennsylvania State UniversityHeesun Cheong - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterJae-Ho CheongSara Cherry - University of PennsylvaniaRuss Chess-Williams - Bond UniversityZelda H. Cheung - University of Hong KongEric Chevet - Université de BordeauxHui-Ling Chiang - Pennsylvania State UniversityRoberto Chiarelli - University of PalermoTomoki Chiba - University of TsukubaLih-Shen Chin - Emory UniversityShih-Hwa Chiou - National Yang Ming UniversityFrancis V. Chisari - Scripps Research InstituteChi Hin Cho - Chinese University of Hong KongDong-Hyung ChoAugustine M.K. Choi - Harvard UniversityDooSeok ChoiKyeong Sook Choi - Ajou UniversityMary E. Choi - Harvard UniversitySalem Chouaib - Institut Gustave RoussyDivaker Choubey - University of CincinnatiVinay Choubey - University of TartuCharleen T. Chu - University of PittsburghTsung-Hsien Chuang - National Health Research InstitutesSheau-Huei Chueh - National Defense Medical CenterTaehoon Chun - Korea UniversityYong-Joon Chwae - Ajou UniversityMee-Len Chye - University of Hong KongRoberto Ciarcia - University of Naples Federico IIMaria R. Ciriolo - University of Rome Tor VergataMichael J. Clague - University of LiverpoolRobert S.B. Clark - University of PittsburghPeter G.H. ClarkeRobert Clarke - Georgetown UniversityPatrice Codogno - InsermHilary A. Coller - Princeton UniversityMaría I. Colombo - Universidad Nacional de CuyoSergio Comincini - University of PaviaMaria Condello - Istituto Superiore di SanitàFabrizio Condorelli - Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”Mark R. Cookson - National Institutes of HealthGraham H. Coombs - University of StrathclydeIsabelle Coppens - Johns Hopkins UniversityRamon Corbalan - Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePascale Cossart - InsermPaola Costelli - University of TurinSafia Costes - University of California, Los AngelesAna Coto-Montes - Universidad de OviedoEduardo Couve - Valparaiso UniversityFraser P. Coxon - University of AberdeenJames M. Cregg - Keck Graduate InstituteJosé L. Crespo - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMarianne J. Cronjé - University of JohannesburgAna Maria Cuervo - Yeshiva UniversityJoseph J. Cullen - University of IowaMark J. Czaja - Yeshiva UniversityMarcello D'Amelio - Università Campus Bio-MedicoArlette Darfeuille-MichaudLester M. Davids - University of Cape TownFaith E. DaviesMassimo De Felici - University of Rome Tor VergataJohn F. de Groot - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterCornelis A.M. de HaanLuisa De Martino - University of Naples Federico IIAngelo De Milito - Karolinska InstitutetVincenzo De Tata - University of PisaJayanta Debnath - University of California, San FranciscoAlexei Degterev - Tufts UniversityBenjamin Dehay - Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueLea M.D. Delbridge - The University of MelbourneFrancesca DemarchiYi Zhen Deng - National University of SingaporeJörn DengjelPaul Dent - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityDonna Denton - The University of AdelaideVojo Deretic - University of New MexicoShyamal D. Desai - Louisiana State UniversityRodney J. Devenish - Monash UniversityMario Di Gioacchino - University of Chieti-PescaraGilbert Di Paolo - Columbia UniversityChiara Di Pietro - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineGuillermo Díaz-Araya - University of ChileInés Díaz-Laviada - Universidad de AlcaláMaria T. Diaz-Meco - Discovery InstituteJavier Diaz-Nido - Universidad Autónoma de MadridIvan Dikic - Goethe University FrankfurtSavithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar - University of California, DavisWen-Xing DingClark W. Distelhorst - Case Western Reserve UniversityAbhinav Diwan - Washington University in St. LouisMojgan Djavaheri-Mergny - Université de BordeauxSvetlana DokudovskayaZheng Dong - Augusta UniversityFrank C. Dorsey - Eli Lilly (United States)Victor DosenkoJames J. Dowling - University of MichiganStephen Doxsey - University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolMarlène Dreux - École Normale Supérieure de LyonMark E. DrewQiuhong Duan - Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyMichel A. Duchosal - University of LausanneKaren E. Duff - Columbia UniversityIsabelle Dugail - Sorbonne UniversitéMadeleine Durbeej - Lund UniversityMichael Duszenko - University of TübingenCharles L. Edelstein - University of Colorado DenverAimee L. Edinger - University of California, IrvineGustavo Egea - Universitat de BarcelonaLudwig Eichinger - University of CologneN. Tony Eissa - Baylor College of MedicineSuhendan Ekmekcioglu - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterWafik S. El-Deiry - Pennsylvania State UniversityZvulun Elazar - Weizmann Institute of ScienceMohamed Elgendy - University of MilanLisa M. Ellerby - Buck Institute for Research on AgingKai Er EngAnna-Mart Engelbrecht - Stellenbosch UniversitySimone Engelender - Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyJekaterina Erenpreisa - Latvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRicardo Escalante - Universidad Autónoma de MadridAudrey Esclatine - InsermEeva-Liisa Eskelinen - University of HelsinkiLucile Espert - Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueVirginia Espina - George Mason UniversityHuizhou Fan - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyJia Fan - Fudan UniversityQi-Wen FanZhen Fan - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterShengyun Fang - University of Maryland, BaltimoreYongqi Fang - Guangzhou UniversityManolis Fanto - King's College LondonAlessandro Fanzani - University of BresciaThomas FarkasJean-Claude Farre - University of California San DiegoMathias Faure - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Marcus Fechheimer - University of GeorgiaCarl G. Feng - National Institutes of HealthJian FengQili Feng - South China Normal UniversityYouji Feng - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLászló Fésüs - University of DebrecenRalph Feuer - San Diego State UniversityMaria E. Figueiredo-Pereira - City University of New YorkGian Maria FimiaDiane C. Fingar - University of MichiganSteven Finkbeiner - University of California, San FranciscoToren Finkel - National Institutes of HealthKim D. Finley - San Diego State UniversityFilomena Fiorito - University of Naples Federico IIEdward A. Fisher - New York UniversityPaul B. Fisher - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMarc Flajolet - Rockefeller UniversityMaria L. Florez-McClure - University of Colorado BoulderSalvatore Florio - University of Naples Federico IIEdward A. Fon - McGill UniversityFrancesco Fornai - University of PisaFranco Fortunato - Heidelberg UniversityRati Fotedar - Discovery InstituteDaniel H. Fowler - National Institutes of HealthHoward S. Fox - University of Nebraska Medical CenterRodrigo Franco - University of Nebraska–LincolnLisa B. Frankel - University of CopenhagenMarc Fransen - KU LeuvenJosé M. FuentesJuan Fueyo - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJun Fujii - Kyushu UniversityKozo Fujisaki - Kagoshima UniversityEriko Fujita - Jichi Medical UniversityMitsunori Fukuda - Tohoku UniversityRuth H. Furukawa - University of GeorgiaMatthias Gaestel - Medizinische Hochschule HannoverPhilippe Gailly - UCLouvainMalgorzata GajewskaBrigitte Galliot - University of GenevaVincent Galy - Sorbonne UniversitéSubramaniam Ganesh - Indian Institute of Technology KanpurBarry Ganetzky - University of Wisconsin–MadisonIan G. Ganley - University of DundeeFen-Biao Gao - University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolGeorge F. GaoJinming GaoLorena Garcia - University of ChileGuillermo Garcia-Manero - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMikel Garcia-Marcos - Boston UniversityMarjan Garmyn - KU LeuvenAndrei L. Gartel - University of Illinois ChicagoEvelina Gatti - Aix-Marseille UniversitéMathias Gautel - King's College LondonThomas R. Gawriluk - University of KentuckyMatthew E. Gegg - University College LondonJiefei Geng - Harvard UniversityMarc Germain - University of OttawaJason E. Gestwicki - University of MichiganDavid A. Gewirtz - Virginia Commonwealth UniversitySaeid Ghavami - University of ManitobaPradipta Ghosh - University of California San DiegoAnna M. Giammarioli - Istituto Superiore di SanitàAlexandra N. Giatromanolaki - Democritus University of ThraceSpencer B. Gibson - University of ManitobaRobert W. Gilkerson - Columbia UniversityMichael L. Ginger - Lancaster UniversityHenry N. Ginsberg - Columbia UniversityJakub Golab - Medical University of WarsawMichael S. Goligorsky - New York Medical CollegePierre Golstein - Aix-Marseille UniversitéCandelaria Gomez-Manzano - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterEbru Goncu - Ege UniversityCéline Gongora - InsermClaudio D. Gonzalez - Universidad de Buenos AiresRamon Gonzalez - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCristina González-Estévez - University of NottinghamRosa Ana González-PoloElena Gonzalez-Rey - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasNikolai V. Gorbunov - Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSharon Gorski - University of British ColumbiaSandro Goruppi - Tufts UniversityRoberta A. Gottlieb - San Diego State UniversityDevrim Gozuacik - Sabancı ÜniversitesiGiovanna Elvira Granato - University of Naples Federico IIGary D. Grant - Griffith UniversityKim N. GreenAles GregorcFrédéric Gros - Université de StrasbourgCharles Grose - University of IowaThomas W. GruntPhilippe Gual - Université Côte d'AzurJun-Lin Guan - University of MichiganKun-Liang Guan - University of California San DiegoSylvie M. Guichard - AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)Anna S. Gukovskaya - University of California, Los AngelesIlya Gukovsky - University of California, Los AngelesJan Gunst - KU LeuvenÅsa B. Gustafsson - University of California San DiegoAndrew J. Halayko - University of ManitobaAmber N. Hale - University of KentuckySandra K. Halonen - Montana State UniversityMaho Hamasaki - The University of OsakaFeng Han - Zhejiang UniversityTing Han - University of MichiganMichael K. HancockMalene Hansen - Discovery InstituteHisashi Harada - Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMasaru Harada - University of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanStefan E. Hardt - Heidelberg UniversityJ. Wade Harper - Harvard UniversityAdrian L. Harris - University of OxfordJames Harris - Trinity College DublinSteven D. HarrisMakoto Hashimoto - Institute of Medical ScienceJeffrey A. Haspel - Harvard UniversityShin-ichiro HayashiLori A. Hazelhurst - University of South FloridaCongcong He - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterYou-Wen HeMarie-Josée Hébert - Université de MontréalKim A. Heidenreich - University of Colorado DenverMiep H. Helfrich - University of AberdeenGudmundur V. Helgason - University of GlasgowElizabeth P. Henske - Harvard UniversityBrian Herman - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioPaul K. Herman - The Ohio State UniversityClaudio Hetz - University of ChileSabine Hilfiker - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasJoseph A. Hill - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLynne J. Hocking - University of AberdeenPaul HofmanThomas G. Hofmann - German Cancer Research CenterJörg Höhfeld - University of BonnTessa L. Holyoake - University of GlasgowMing-Huang Hong - Sun Yat-sen UniversityDavid A. Hood - York UniversityGökhan S. Hotamisligil - Harvard UniversityEwout J. Houwerzijl - University of GroningenMaria Høyer-Hansen - Leo Pharma (Australia)Bingren Hu - University of Maryland, BaltimoreChien-an A. Hu - University of New MexicoHong-Ming Hu - Providence Portland Medical CenterYa Hua - University of MichiganCanhua Huang - Sichuan UniversityJu Huang - University of TorontoShengbing Huang - Mayo ClinicWei-Pang Huang - National Taiwan UniversityTobias B. Huber - University of FreiburgWon-Ki HuhTai-Ho HungTed R. Hupp - University of EdinburghGang Min Hur - Chungnam National UniversityJames B. HurleySabah N.A. Hussain - McGill UniversityPatrick J. Hussey - Durham UniversityJung Jin HwangSeungmin Hwang - Washington University in St. LouisAtsuhiro IchiharaShirin Ilkhanizadeh - University of California, San FranciscoKen Inoki - University of MichiganTakeshi Into - Asahi UniversityValentina Iovane - University of Naples Federico IIJuan L. Iovanna - Aix-Marseille UniversitéNancy Y. Ip - Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyYoshitaka Isaka - The University of OsakaHiroyuki Ishida - Tohoku UniversityCiro Isidoro - Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”Ken-ichi Isobe - Nagoya UniversityAkiko Iwasaki - Yale UniversityMarta Izquierdo - Universidad Autónoma de MadridYotaro Izumi - Keio UniversityPanu M. Jaakkola - University of TurkuMarja JäätteläGeorge R. Jackson - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonWilliam T. JacksonBassam JanjiMarina Jendrach - Goethe University FrankfurtJu-Hong Jeon - Seoul National UniversityEui-Bae Jeung - Chungbuk National UniversityHong Jiang - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHongchi Jiang - Harbin Medical UniversityJean X. Jiang - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioMing Jiang - Vanderbilt UniversityQing Jiang - Purdue University West LafayetteXuejun Jiang - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAlberto Jiménez - Universidad de SalamancaMeiyan Jin - University of MichiganShengkan V. Jin - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyCheol O. Joe - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyTerje JohansenDaniel E. Johnson - University of PittsburghGail V.W. Johnson - University of RochesterNicola L. Jones - University of TorontoBertrand Joseph - Karolinska InstitutetSuresh K. Joseph - Thomas Jefferson UniversityAnnie M. Joubert - University of PretoriaLucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret - University of LausanneChang Hwa JungYong-Keun JungKai Kaarniranta - University of Eastern FinlandAllen Kaasik - University of TartuTomohiro KabutaMotoni Kadowaki - Niigata UniversityKatarina Kågedal - Linköping UniversityYoshiaki Kamada - National Institutes of Natural SciencesVitaliy O. Kaminskyy - Karolinska InstitutetHarm H. Kampinga - University of GroningenHiromitsu Kanamori - Gifu UniversityChanhee Kang - Harvard UniversityKhong Bee KangKwang Il KangRui Kang - University of PittsburghYoon-A KangTomotake Kanki - Kyushu UniversityThirumala-Devi KannegantiHaruo Kanno - Tohoku UniversityAnumantha G. Kanthasamy - Iowa State UniversityArthi KanthasamyVassiliki Karantza - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyGur P. Kaushal - University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesSusmita Kaushik - Yeshiva UniversityYoshinori Kawazoe - Kyoto UniversityPo-Yuan Ke - Academia SinicaJohn H. Kehrl - National Institutes of HealthAmeeta Kelekar - University of MinnesotaClaus KerkhoffDavid H. Kessel - Wayne State UniversityHany KhalilJan A.K.W. Kiel - University of GroningenAmy A. Kiger - University of California San DiegoAkio Kihara - Hokkaido UniversityDeok Ryong KimDo-Hyung KimDong-Hou KimEun-Kyoung KimHyung-Ryong KimJae-Sung KimJeong Hun Kim - Seoul National UniversityJin Cheon KimJohn K. Kim - University of MichiganPeter K. KimSeong Who KimYong-Sun KimYonghyun KimAdi Kimchi - Weizmann Institute of ScienceAlec C. Kimmelman - Harvard UniversityJason S. King - University of GlasgowTimothy J. Kinsella - Rhode Island HospitalVladimir Kirkin - Merck (Germany)Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum - University of ManitobaKatsuhiko Kitamoto - The University of TokyoKaio Kitazato - Nagasaki UniversityLudger Klein - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenWalter T. Klimecki - University of ArizonaJochen Klucken - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErwin KnechtBen C.B. Ko - Chinese University of Hong KongJan C. Koch - University of GöttingenHiroshi Koga - Yeshiva UniversityJae-Young KohYoung Ho KohMasato Koike - Juntendo UniversityMasaaki Komatsu - Institute of Medical ScienceEiki Kominami - Juntendo UniversityHee Jeong Kong - National Fisheries Research & Development InstituteWei-Jia Kong - Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyViktor I. Korolchuk - Newcastle UniversityYaichiro Kotake - Hiroshima UniversityMichael I. Koukourakis - Democritus University of ThraceJuan B. Kouri FloresAttila L. Kovács - Eötvös Loránd UniversityClaudine Kraft - University of ViennaDimitri Krainc - Harvard UniversityHelmut Krämer - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterCarole Kretz-Remy - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Anna M. Krichevsky - Harvard UniversityGuido Kroemer - Université Paris CitéRejko Krüger - University of TübingenOleg Krut - University of CologneNicholas T. Ktistakis - Babraham InstituteChia-Yi Kuan - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterRoza KucharczykAshok Kumar - University of LouisvilleRaj Kumar - Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineSharad Kumar - The University of AdelaideMondira KunduHsing-Jien Kung - University of California, DavisTino Kurz - Linköping UniversityHo Jeong Kwon - Yonsei UniversityAlbert R. La Spada - University of California San DiegoFrank Lafont - Lille University of Science and TechnologyTrond LamarkJacques LandryJon D. Lane - University of BristolPierre Lapaquette - Institut PasteurJocelyn F. Laporte - Université de StrasbourgLajos László - Eötvös Loránd UniversitySergio Lavandero - University of ChileJosée N. LavoieRobert Layfield - University of NottinghamPedro A. Lazo - Universidad de SalamancaWeidong Le - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityLaurent Le Cam - InsermDaniel J. Ledbetter - University of KentuckyAlvin J.X. LeeByung-Wan LeeGyun Min Lee - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyJongdae LeeJu-hyun lee - New York UniversityMichael Lee - Incheon National UniversityMyung-Shik LeeSug Hyung Lee - Catholic University of KoreaChristiaan Leeuwenburgh - University of FloridaPatrick Legembre - Université de RennesRenaud LegouisMichael Lehmann - University of Arkansas at FayettevilleHuan-Yao Lei - National Cheng Kung UniversityQun-Ying Lei - Fudan UniversityDavid A. Leib - Dartmouth CollegeJosé Leiro - Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaJohn J. Lemasters - Medical University of South CarolinaAntoinette Lemoine - Université Paris-SaclayMaciej S. Lesniak - University of ChicagoDina Lev - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterVictor V. Levenson - Rush University Medical CenterBeth Levine - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterEfrat Levy - New York UniversityFaqiang Li - University of Wisconsin–MadisonJun-Lin LiLian Li - Emory UniversitySheng LiWeijie LiXue-Jun Li - Peking UniversityYan-Bo Li - Harbin Medical UniversityYi-Ping Li - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonChengyu Liang - University of Southern CaliforniaQiangrong Liang - University of South DakotaYung-Feng Liao - Academia SinicaPawel P. LiberskiAndrew Lieberman - University of MichiganHyunjung J. Lim - Konkuk UniversityKah-Leong Lim - National University of SingaporeKyu Lim - Chungnam National UniversityChiou-Feng Lin - National Cheng Kung UniversityFu-Cheng Lin - Zhejiang UniversityJian LinJiandie D. LinKui Lin - GenentechWan-Wan Lin - National Taiwan UniversityWeei-Chin Lin - Baylor College of MedicineYi-Ling Lin - Academia SinicaRafael Linden - Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroPaul Lingor - University of GöttingenJennifer Lippincott-Schwartz - National Institutes of HealthMichael P. Lisanti - University of ManchesterPaloma B. Liton - Duke UniversityBo Liu - Sichuan UniversityChun-Feng Liu - Soochow UniversityKaiyu Liu - Central China Normal UniversityLeyuan Liu - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonQiong A. Liu - Stony Brook UniversityWei Liu - National Institutes of HealthYoung-Chau LiuYule Liu - Tsinghua UniversityRichard A. Lockshin - City University of New YorkChun-Nam Lok - University of Hong KongSagar Lonial - Emory UniversityBenjamin Loos - Stellenbosch UniversityGabriel Lopez-Berestein - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterCarlos López-Otín - Universidad de OviedoLaura Lossi - University of TurinMichael T. Lotze - University of PittsburghPeter Low - Eötvös Loránd UniversityBinfeng Lu - University of PittsburghBingwei Lu - Stanford UniversityBo Lu - Thomas Jefferson UniversityZhen Lu - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterFréderic Luciano - Université Côte d'AzurNicholas W. Lukacs - University of MichiganAnders H. Lund - University of CopenhagenMelinda A. Lynch-Day - University of MichiganYong Ma - Harbin Medical UniversityFernando Macian - Yeshiva UniversityJeff P. MacKeiganKay F. Macleod - University of ChicagoFrank Madeo - University of GrazLuigi MaiuriMaria Chiara MaiuriDavide Malagoli - University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaMay Christine V. MalicdanWalter Malorni - Istituto Superiore di SanitàNa Man - University of Science and Technology of ChinaEva-Maria Mandelkow - Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchStephen Manon - Université de BordeauxIrena Manov - Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyKai Mao - University of MichiganXiang Mao - Nanjing Agricultural UniversityZixu Mao - Emory UniversityPhilippe Marambaud - Northwell HealthDaniela Marazziti - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineYves L. Marcel - University of OttawaKatie Marchbank - King's College LondonPiero Marchetti - University of PisaStefan J. Marciniak - University of CambridgeMateus Marcondes - Universidade Federal de São CarlosMohsen MardiGabriella Marfe - University of Rome Tor VergataGuillermo Mariño - Institut Gustave RoussyMaria Markaki - Foundation for Research and Technology HellasMark R. Marten - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountySeamus J. Martin - Trinity College DublinCamille Martinand-Mari - Université de MontpellierWim Martinet - University of AntwerpMarta Martinez-VicenteMatilde Masini - University of PisaPaola Matarrese - Istituto Superiore di SanitàSaburo Matsuo - Osaka Prefecture UniversityRaffaele Matteoni - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineAndreas Mayer - University of LausanneNathalie M. MazureDavid J. McConkey - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMelanie J. McConnell - Malaghan Institute of Medical ResearchCatherine McDermott - Bond UniversityChristine McDonald - Cleveland ClinicGerald M. McInerney - Karolinska InstitutetSharon L. McKenna - University College CorkBethAnn McLaughlin - Vanderbilt UniversityPamela J. McLean - Harvard UniversityChristopher R. McMaster - Dalhousie UniversityG. Angus McQuibban - University of TorontoAlfred J. Meijer - University of AmsterdamMiriam H. Meisler - University of MichiganAlicia Meléndez - City University of New YorkThomas J. Melia - Yale UniversityGerry Melino - University of Rome Tor VergataMaria A. MenaJavier A. MenendezRubem F. S. Menna-Barreto - Fundação Oswaldo CruzManoj B. Menon - Medizinische Hochschule HannoverFiona M. Menzies - University of CambridgeCarol A. Mercer - University of CincinnatiAdalberto Merighi - University of TurinDiane E. Merry - Thomas Jefferson UniversityStefania Meschini - Istituto Superiore di SanitàChristian G. Meyer - Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineThomas F. MeyerChao-Yu Miao - Second Military Medical UniversityJun-Ying Miao - Shandong UniversityPaul A.M. Michels - UCLouvainCarine MichielsDalibor Mijaljica - Monash UniversityAna Milojkovic - Max Delbrück CenterSaverio Minucci - University of MilanClelia Miracco - University of SienaCindy K. Miranti - Van Andel InstituteIoannis Mitroulis - Democritus University of ThraceKeisuke Miyazawa - Tokyo Medical UniversityNoboru Mizushima - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBaharia MograbiSimin Mohseni - Linköping UniversityXavier Molero - Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBertrand Mollereau - École Normale Supérieure de LyonFaustino Mollinedo - Universidad de SalamancaTakashi Momoi - International University of Health and WelfareIryna Monastyrska - Utrecht UniversityMartha M. Monick - University of IowaMervyn J. Monteiro - University of Maryland, BaltimoreMichael N. Moore - Plymouth Marine LaboratoryRodrigo Mora - Universidad de Costa RicaKevin Moreau - University of CambridgePaula I. Moreira - University of CoimbraYuji Moriyasu - Saitama UniversityJorge Moscat - Discovery InstituteSerge Mostowy - Imperial College LondonJeremy C. Mottram - University of GlasgowTomasz Motyl - Warsaw University of Life SciencesCharbel E.-H. MoussaSylke Müller - University of GlasgowSylviane Muller - Université de StrasbourgKarl Münger - Harvard UniversityChristian Münz - Goethe University FrankfurtLeon O. Murphy - Novartis (Switzerland)Maureen E. Murphy - The Wistar InstituteAntonio Musarò - Sapienza University of RomeIndira Mysorekar - Washington University in St. LouisEiichiro Nagata - Tokai UniversityKazuhiro Nagata - Kyoto Sangyo UniversityAimable Nahimana - University of LausanneUsha Nair - University of MichiganToshiyuki Nakagawa - Gifu UniversityKiichi Nakahira - Harvard UniversityHiroyasu Nakano - Juntendo UniversityHitoshi Nakatogawa - Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeera Nanjundan - University of South FloridaNaweed I. Naqvi - National University of SingaporeDerek P. Narendra - National Institutes of HealthMasashi Narita - Cancer Research UKMiguel Navarro - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSteffan T. Nawrocki - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTaras Y. Nazarko - University of California San DiegoAndriy Nemchenko - The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMihai G. Netea - Radboud University NijmegenThomas P. Neufeld - University of MinnesotaPaul A. Ney - New York Blood CenterIoannis P. Nezis - University of OsloHuu Phuc Nguyen - University of TübingenDaotai Nie - Southern Illinois University CarbondaleIchizo NishinoCorey Nislow - University of TorontoRalph A. Nixon - New York UniversityTakeshi Noda - The University of OsakaAngelika A. Noegel - University of CologneAnna Nogalska - University of Southern CaliforniaSatoru NoguchiLucia Notterpek - University of FloridaIvana Novak - University of SplitTomoyoshi Nozaki - University of TsukubaNobuyuki NukinaThorsten Nürnberger - University of TübingenBeat Nyfeler - Novartis (Switzerland)Keisuke Obara - Hokkaido UniversityTerry D. Oberley - University of Wisconsin–MadisonSalvatore Oddo - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioMichinaga Ogawa - The University of TokyoToya Ohashi - Jikei University School of MedicineKoji Okamoto - The University of OsakaNancy L. Oleinick - Case Western Reserve UniversityF. Javier OliverLaura J. Olsen - University of MichiganStefan Olsson - University of CopenhagenOnya Opota - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneTimothy F. Osborne - Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteGary K. OstranderKinya Otsu - King's College LondonJing-hsiung James OuMireille Ouimet - University of OttawaMichael Overholtzer - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterBulent Ozpolat - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPaolo Paganetti - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneUgo Pagnini - University of Naples Federico IINicolas Pallet - Université Paris CitéGlen E. Palmer - Louisiana State UniversityCamilla Palumbo - University of Rome Tor VergataTianhong Pan - Baylor College of MedicineTheocharis Panaretakis - Karolinska InstitutetUdai Bhan Pandey - Louisiana State UniversityZuzana PapackovaIssidora Papassideri - National and Kapodistrian University of AthensIrmgard Paris - University of ChileJunsoo Park - Yonsei UniversityOhkmae K. Park - Korea UniversityJan B. Parys - KU LeuvenKatherine R. Parzych - University of MichiganSusann Patschan - University of GöttingenCam PattersonSophie Pattingre - InsermJohn M. Pawelek - Yale UniversityJianxin Peng - Central China Normal UniversityDavid H. Perlmutter - University of PittsburghIda Perrotta - University of CalabriaGeorge Perry - The University of Texas at San AntonioShazib Pervaiz - National University of SingaporeMatthias Peter - ETH ZurichGodefridus J. Peters - Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamMorten Petersen - University of CopenhagenGoran Petrovski - University of DebrecenJames M. Phang - National Institutes of HealthMauro Piacentini - University of Rome Tor VergataPhilippe Pierre - Aix-Marseille UniversitéValérie Pierrefite-Carle - Université Côte d'AzurGérard Pierron - Institut Gustave RoussyRonit Pinkas-Kramarski - Tel Aviv UniversityAntonio Piras - University of TurinNatik Piri - University of California, Los AngelesLeonidas C. Platanias - Northwestern UniversityStefanie Pöggeler - University of GöttingenMarc Poirot - Université Toulouse III - Paul SabatierAngelo Poletti - University of MilanChristian PoüsMercedes Pozuelo-Rubio - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMette Prætorius-Ibba - The Ohio State UniversityAnil Prasad - Harvard UniversityMark Prescott - Monash UniversityMuriel Priault - Université de BordeauxNathalie Produit-ZengaffinenAnn Progulske-Fox - University of FloridaTassula Proikas-Cezanne - University of TübingenSerge Przedborski - Columbia UniversityKarin Przyklenk - Wayne State UniversityRosa Puertollano - National Institutes of HealthJulien Puyal - University of LausanneShu-Bing QianLiang Qin - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeZheng-Hong Qin - Soochow UniversitySusan E. Quaggin - University of TorontoNina Raben - National Institutes of HealthHannah Rabinowich - University of PittsburghSimon W. Rabkin - University of British ColumbiaIrfan Rahman - University of RochesterAbdelhaq Rami - Goethe University FrankfurtGeorg Ramm - Monash UniversityGlenn Randall - University of ChicagoFelix Randow - Medical Research CouncilV. Ashutosh RaoJeffrey C. Rathmell - Duke UniversityBrinda Ravikumar - Merck Serono (Italy)Swapan K. Ray - University of South CarolinaBruce H. ReedJohn C. Reed - Discovery InstituteFulvio Reggiori - Utrecht UniversityAnne Régnier-Vigouroux - German Cancer Research CenterAndreas S. Reichert - Goethe University FrankfurtJohn J. Reiners - Wayne State UniversityRussel J. Reiter - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioJun Ren - University of WyomingJosé L. RevueltaChristopher J. Rhodes - University of ChicagoKonstantinos Ritis - Democritus University of ThraceElizete Rizzo - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisJeffrey Robbins - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMichel Roberge - University of British ColumbiaHernan Roca - University of MichiganMaria C. Roccheri - University of PalermoStephane Rocchi - Université Côte d'AzurH. Peter Rodemann - University of TübingenSantiago Rodríguez de CórdobaBärbel Rohrer - Medical University of South CarolinaIgor B. Roninson - University of South CarolinaKirill Rosen - Dalhousie UniversityMagdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska - University of Silesia in KatowiceMustapha Rouis - Sorbonne UniversitéKasper M.A. RouschopFrancesca Rovetta - University of BresciaBrian P. Rubin - Cleveland ClinicDavid C. Rubinsztein - University of CambridgeKlaus Ruckdeschel - Universität HamburgEdmund B. Rucker - University of KentuckyAssaf Rudich - Ben-Gurion University of the NegevEmil Rudolf - Charles UniversityNelson Ruiz-Opazo - Boston UniversityRossella Russo - University of CalabriaTor Erik Rusten - University of OsloKevin M. Ryan - University of GlasgowStefan W. Ryter - Harvard UniversityDavid M. Sabatini - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJunichi Sadoshima - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyTapas Saha - Georgetown UniversityTatsuya Saitoh - The University of OsakaHiroshi Sakagami - Meikai UniversityYasuyoshi Sakai - Kyoto UniversityGhasem Hoseini SalekdehPaolo Salomoni - University College LondonPaul M. Salvaterra - City Of Hope National Medical CenterGuy Salvesen - Discovery InstituteRosa Salvioli - Istituto Superiore di SanitàAnthony M.J. SanchezJosé A. Sánchez-Alcázar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasRicardo Sánchez-Prieto - University of Castilla-La ManchaMarco Sandri - University of PaduaUma Sankar - University of LouisvillePoonam Sansanwal - Stanford UniversityLaura Santambrogio - Yeshiva UniversityShweta Saran - Jawaharlal Nehru UniversitySovan Sarkar - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMinnie Sarwal - Stanford UniversityChihiro Sasakawa - The University of TokyoAusra Sasnauskiene - Vilnius UniversityMiklós Sass - Eötvös Loránd UniversityKen Sato - Gunma UniversityMiyuki Sato - Gunma UniversityAnthony H.V. Schapira - University College LondonMichael Scharl - University of ZurichHermann M. Schätzl - University of WyomingWiep Scheper - University of AmsterdamStefano SchiaffinoClaudio SchneiderMarion E. Schneider - Universität UlmRegine Schneider-Stock - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergPatricia V. Schoenlein - Augusta UniversityDaniel F. Schorderet - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneChristoph Schüller - BOKU UniversityGary K. SchwartzLuca Scorrano - University of GenevaLinda Sealy - Vanderbilt UniversityPer O. Seglen - University of OsloJuan Segura-Aguilar - University of ChileIban Seiliez - Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueOleksandr SeleverstovChristian Sell - Drexel UniversityJong Bok SeoDuska Separovic - Wayne State UniversityVijayasaradhi Setaluri - University of Wisconsin–MadisonTakao Setoguchi - Kagoshima UniversityCarmine Settembre - Baylor College of MedicineJohn J. Shacka - University of Alabama at BirminghamMala Shanmugam - Northwestern UniversityIrving M. Shapiro - Thomas Jefferson UniversityEitan Shaulian - Hebrew University of JerusalemReuben J. Shaw - Howard Hughes Medical InstituteJames H. Shelhamer - National Institutes of HealthHan-Ming Shen - National University of SingaporeWei-Chiang Shen - University of Southern CaliforniaZu-Hang Sheng - National Institutes of HealthYang Shi - Medical College of WisconsinKenichi ShibuyaYoshihiro Shidoji - Nagasaki UniversityJeng-Jer Shieh - National Chung Hsing UniversityChwen-Ming Shih - Taipei Medical UniversityYohta Shimada - Jikei University School of MedicineShigeomi Shimizu - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTakahiro Shintani - Tohoku UniversityOrian S. Shirihai - Tufts UniversityGordon C. Shore - McGill UniversityAndriy A. Sibirny - University of RzeszówStan B. Sidhu - Royal North Shore HospitalBeata SikorskaElaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin - Universidade Federal de São CarlosAlison Simmons - University of OxfordAnna Katharina Simon - University of OxfordHans-Uwe SimonCristiano Simone - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological ResearchAnne Simonsen - University of OsloDavid A. Sinclair - Harvard UniversityRajat Singh - Yeshiva UniversityDebasish Sinha - Johns Hopkins UniversityFrank A. Sinicrope - Mayo ClinicAgnieszka Sirko - Polish Academy of SciencesParco M. Siu - Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityEfthimios Sivridis - Democritus University of ThraceVojtech Skop - University of Chemistry and Technology, PragueVladimir P. Skulachev - Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRuth S. Slack - University of OttawaSoraya S. Smaili - Universidade Federal de São PauloDuncan R. Smith - Mahidol UniversityMaria S. Soengas - Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIThierry Soldati - University of GenevaXueqin Song - Hebei Medical UniversityAnil K. Sood - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTuck Wah Soong - National University of SingaporeFederica Sotgia - Thomas Jefferson UniversityStephen A. Spector - University of California San DiegoClaudia D. Spies - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinWolfdieter Springer - Mayo ClinicSrinivasa M. Srinivasula - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research ThiruvananthapuramLeonidas StefanisJoan S. Steffan - University of California, IrvineRuediger Stendel - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinHarald Stenmark - University of OsloAnastasis Stephanou - University College LondonStephan T. Stern - Science Applications International Corporation (United States)Cinthya SternbergBjörn Stork - Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfPeter Strålfors - Linköping UniversityCarlos S. Subauste - Case Western Reserve UniversityXinbing Sui - Zhejiang UniversityDavid Sulzer - Columbia UniversityJiaren Sun - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonShi-Yong Sun - Emory UniversityZhi-Jun Sun - Wuhan UniversityJoseph J.Y. Sung - Chinese University of Hong KongKuninori Suzuki - The University of TokyoToshihiko Suzuki - University of the RyukyusMichele S. Swanson - University of MichiganCharles Swanton - Cancer Research UKSean T. Sweeney - University of YorkLai-King Sy - University of Hong KongGyörgy Szabadkai - University College LondonIra Tabas - Columbia UniversityHeinrich Taegtmeyer - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMarco Tafani - Sapienza University of RomeKrisztina Takács-Vellai - Eötvös Loránd UniversityYoshitaka Takano - Kyoto UniversityKaoru Takegawa - Kyushu UniversityGenzou Takemura - Gifu UniversityFumihiko Takeshita - Yokohama City UniversityNicholas J. Talbot - University of ExeterKevin S.W. Tan - National University of SingaporeKeiji Tanaka - Institute of Medical ScienceKozo Tanaka - Tohoku UniversityDaolin Tang - University of PittsburghDingzhong Tang - Chinese Academy of SciencesIsei Tanida - National Institutes of HealthBakhos A. Tannous - Harvard UniversityNektarios Tavernarakis - Foundation for Research and Technology HellasGraham S. TaylorGregory A. Taylor - Duke UniversityJ. Paul TaylorLance S. TeradaAlexei Terman - Karolinska InstitutetGianluca Tettamanti - University of InsubriaKarin Thevissen - KU LeuvenCraig B. Thompson - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAndrew Thorburn - University of Colorado DenverMichael Thumm - University of GöttingenFengFeng TianYuan Tian - Rockefeller UniversityGlauco Tocchini-Valentini - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineAviva M. Tolkovsky - University of CambridgeYasuhiko Tomino - Juntendo UniversityLars Tönges - University of GöttingenSharon A. Tooze - Cancer Research UKCathy Tournier - University of ManchesterJohn Tower - University of Southern CaliforniaRoberto Towns - University of MichiganVladimir Trajkovic - University of BelgradeLeonardo H. Travassos - Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroTing-Fen Tsai - National Yang Ming UniversityMario P. Tschan - University of BernTakeshi Tsubata - Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityAllan Tsung - University of PittsburghBoris TurkLorianne S. Turner - Francis Marion UniversitySuresh C. Tyagi - University of LouisvilleYasuo Uchiyama - Juntendo UniversityTakashi Ueno - Juntendo UniversityMidori Umekawa - University of MichiganRika Umemiya-Shirafuji - Kagoshima UniversityVivek K. Unni - Oregon Health & Science UniversityMaria I. Vaccaro - Universidad de Buenos AiresEnza Maria Valente - University of MessinaGreet Van den Berghe - KU LeuvenIda J. van der Klei - University of GroningenWouter G. van Doorn - University of California, DavisLinda F. van Dyk - University of Colorado DenverMarjolein van Egmond - Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamLeo A. van Grunsven - Vrije Universiteit BrusselPeter Vandenabeele - Ghent UniversityWim P. Vandenberghe - KU LeuvenIlse Vanhorebeek - KU LeuvenEva C. Vaquero - Universitat de BarcelonaGuillermo Velasco - Universidad Complutense de MadridTibor Vellai - Eötvös Loránd UniversityJosé Miguel Vicencio - University College LondonRichard D. Vierstra - University of Wisconsin–MadisonMiquel Vila - Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCécile Vindis - Université Toulouse III - Paul SabatierGiampietro Viola - University of PaduaMaria Teresa ViscomiOlga V. Voitsekhovskaja - Russian Academy of SciencesClarissa von Haefen - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinMarcela Votruba - Cardiff UniversityKeiji WadaRichard Wade-Martins - University of OxfordCheryl L. Walker - Texas A&M UniversityCraig M. Walsh - University of California, IrvineJochen Walter - University of BonnXiang-Bo Wan - Sun Yat-sen UniversityAimin Wang - Cleveland ClinicChenguang Wang - Thomas Jefferson UniversityDawei Wang - Harbin Medical UniversityFan Wang - Duke UniversityFen Wang - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonGuanghui Wang - Soochow UniversityHaichao Wang - Northwell HealthHong-Gang Wang - Pennsylvania State UniversityHorng-Dar Wang - National Tsing Hua UniversityJin Wang - Baylor College of MedicineKe Wang - University of MichiganMei Wang - National University of SingaporeRichard C. WangXinglong Wang - Case Western Reserve UniversityXiujie J. WangYing-Jan Wang - National Cheng Kung UniversityYipeng Wang - Cancer Research UKZhen-Bo Wang - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeZhigang Charles Wang - Harvard UniversityZhinong Wang - Second Military Medical UniversityDerick G. Wansink - Radboud University NijmegenDiane M. Ward - University of UtahHirotaka Watada - Juntendo UniversitySarah L. Waters - King's College LondonPaul Webster - House ClinicLixin Wei - Second Military Medical UniversityConrad C. Weihl - Washington University in St. LouisWilliam A. Weiss - University of California, San FranciscoScott M. Welford - Case Western Reserve UniversityLong-Ping Wen - University of Science and Technology of ChinaCaroline A. Whitehouse - King's College LondonJ. Lindsay Whitton - Scripps Research InstituteAlexander J. Whitworth - University of SheffieldTom WilemanJohn W. WileySimon Wilkinson - University of EdinburghDieter WillboldRoger L. Williams - Medical Research CouncilPeter R. Williamson - National Institutes of HealthBradly G. Wouters - University of TorontoChenghan WuDao-Cheng WuWilliam K.K. WuAndreas Wyttenbach - University of SouthamptonRamnik J. Xavier - Harvard UniversityZhijun Xi - Peking UniversityPu Xia - The University of SydneyGengfu XiaoZhiping Xie - Nankai UniversityZhonglin Xie - University of OklahomaDa-zhi Xu - Sun Yat-sen UniversityJianzhen Xu - Henan University of TechnologyLiang Xu - University of KansasXiaolei Xu - Mayo ClinicAi Yamamoto - Columbia UniversityAkitsugu Yamamoto - Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and TechnologyShunhei Yamashina - Juntendo UniversityMichiaki YamashitaXianghua Yan - Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityMitsuhiro Yanagida - Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityDun-Sheng Yang - New York UniversityElizabeth Yang - Vanderbilt UniversityJin-Ming Yang - Pennsylvania State UniversityShi Yu Yang - University College LondonWannian Yang - Geisinger Medical CenterWei Yuan Yang - Academia SinicaZhifen Yang - Discovery InstituteMeng-Chao Yao - Academia SinicaTso-Pang Yao - Duke UniversityBehzad Yeganeh - University of ManitobaWei-Lien Yen - University of MichiganJia-Jing Yin - Harbin Medical UniversityXiao-Ming Yin - Indiana UniversityOok-Joon Yoo - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyGyesoon Yoon - Ajou UniversitySeung-Yong YoonTomohiro Yorimitsu - The University of TokyoYuko Yoshikawa - University of ShizuokaTamotsu Yoshimori - The University of OsakaKohki YoshimotoHo Jin You - Chosun UniversityRichard J. Youle - National Institutes of HealthAnas Younes - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLi Yu - Tsinghua UniversityLong Yu - Fudan UniversitySeong-Woon YuWai Haung Yu - Columbia UniversityZhi-Min Yuan - The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioZhenyu Yue - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCheol-Heui YunMichisuke Yuzaki - Keio UniversityOlga Zabirnyk - National Institutes of HealthDavid ZacksEldad ZacksenhausNadia ZaffaroniZahra Zakeri - City University of New YorkHerbert J. Zeh, IIIScott O. Zeitlin - University of VirginiaHong ZhangHui-Ling Zhang - Soochow UniversityJianhua Zhang - University of Alabama at BirminghamJing-Pu Zhang - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeLin Zhang - University of PittsburghLong Zhang - Leiden UniversityMing-Yong Zhang - Chinese Academy of SciencesXu Dong Zhang - University of Newcastle AustraliaMantong Zhao - University of MichiganYi-Fang Zhao - Wuhan UniversityYing Zhao - Peking UniversityZhizhuang J. Zhao - University of OklahomaXiaoxiang Zheng - Zhejiang UniversityBoris Zhivotovsky - Karolinska InstitutetQing Zhong - University of California, BerkeleyCong-Zhao Zhou - University of Science and Technology of ChinaChanglian Zhu - University of GothenburgWei-Guo Zhu - Peking UniversityXiao-Feng ZhuXiongwei Zhu - Case Western Reserve UniversityYuangang ZhuTeresa Zoladek - Polish Academy of SciencesWei-Xing Zong - Stony Brook UniversityAntonio Zorzano - Universitat de BarcelonaJürgen Zschocke - Max Planck SocietyBrian Zuckerbraun - University of Pittsburgh
- Publication Details
- Autophagy, v 8(4), pp 445-544
- Publisher
- Landes Bioscience
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Urban Health Collaborative
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000305403400002
- Other Identifier
- 991020100051504721
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