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HIV-1 infection of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells and their role in trafficking and viral dissemination
Journal article   Open access

HIV-1 infection of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells and their role in trafficking and viral dissemination

Aikaterini Alexaki and Brian Wigdahl
PLoS pathogens, v 4(12), pp e1000215-e1000215
Dec 2008
PMID: 19112504
url
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000215View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Virus Shedding - physiology Immune Tolerance - physiology HIV Infections - virology Humans Cell Movement - physiology Bone Marrow Cells - virology Animals HIV-1 - physiology HIV Infections - pathology Models, Biological Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology HIV Infections - transmission Hematopoietic Stem Cells - virology Virus Replication - physiology
Patients with HIV-1 often present with a wide range of hematopoietic abnormalities, some of which may be due to the presence of opportunistic infections and to therapeutic drug treatments. However, many of these abnormalities are directly related to HIV-1 replication in the bone marrow (BM). Although the most primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are resistant to HIV-1 infection, once these cells begin to differentiate and become committed HPCs they become increasingly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and permissive to viral gene expression and infectious virus production. Trafficking of BM-derived HIV-1-infected monocytes has been shown to be involved in the dissemination of HIV-1 into the central nervous system (CNS), and it is possible that HIV-1 replication in the BM and infection of BM HPCs may be involved in the early steps leading to the development of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) as an end result of this cellular trafficking process. In addition, the growth and development of HPCs in the BM of patients with HIV-1 has also been shown to be impaired due to the presence of HIV-1 proteins and changes in the cytokine milieu, potentially leading to an altered maturation process and to increased cell death within one or more BM cell lineages. Changes in the growth and differentiation process of HPCs may be involved in the generation of monocyte populations that are more susceptible and/or permissive to HIV-1, and have potentially altered trafficking profiles to several organs, including the CNS. A monocyte subpopulation with these features has been shown to expand during the course of HIV-1 disease, particularly in HAD patients, and is characterized by low CD14 expression and the presence of cell surface CD16.

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Web of Science research areas
Microbiology
Parasitology
Virology
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