Journal article
HTLVTax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways
Frontiers in microbiology, v 3, 406
01 Jan 2012
PMID: 23226145
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been identified as the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The virus infects between 15 and 20 million people worldwide of which approximately 2-5% develop ATL. The past 35 years of research have yielded significant insight into the pathogenesis of HTLV-1, including the molecular characterization of Tax, the viral transactivator, and oncoprotein. In spite of these efforts, the mechanisms of oncogenesis of this pleiotropic protein remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we illustrate the multiple oncogenic roles of Tax by summarizing a recent body of literature that refines our understanding of cellular transformation. A focused range of topics are discussed in this review including Tax-mediated regulation of the viral promoter and other cellular pathways, particularly the connection of the NE-KB pathway to both post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Tax and subcellular localization. Specifically, recent research on polyubiquitination of Tax as it relates to the activation of the IkappaB kinase (I KK) complex is highlighted. Regulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage responses due to Tax are also discussed, including Tax interaction with minichromosome maintenance proteins and the role of Tax in chromatin remodeling. The recent identification of HTLV-3 has amplified the importance of the characterization of emerging viral pathogens. The challenge of the molecular determination of pathogenicity and malignant disease of this virus lies in the comparison of the viral transactivators of HTLV-1, -2, and -3 in terms of transformation and immortalization. Consequently, differences between the three proteins are currently being studied to determine what factors are required for the differences in tumorogenesis.
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Details
- Title
- HTLVTax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways
- Creators
- Robert Currer - George Mason UniversityRachel Van Duyne - George Mason UniversityElizabeth Jaworski - George Mason UniversityIrene Guendel - George Mason UniversityGavin Sampey - George Mason UniversityRavi Das - George Mason UniversityAarthi Narayanan - George Mason UniversityFatah Kashanchi - George Mason University
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in microbiology, v 3, 406
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media Sa
- Number of pages
- 24
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pharmacology and Physiology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000208863600407
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84875828756
- Other Identifier
- 991021902524104721
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InCites Highlights
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Microbiology