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Journal article
“Hang Ups, Let Downs, Bad Breaks, Setbacks”: Impact of Structural Socioeconomic Racism and Resilience on Cognitive Change Over Time for Persons Racialized as Black
Health equity, v 8(1), pp 254-268
01 Apr 2024
PMCID: 11043623
PMID: 38665381
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Older adults racialized as Black experience higher rates of dementia than those racialized as White. Structural racism produces socioeconomic challenges, described by artist Marvin Gaye as "hang ups, let downs, bad breaks, setbacks" that likely contribute to dementia disparities. Robust dementia literature suggests socioeconomic factors may also be key resiliencies.
We linked state-level data reflecting the racialized landscape of economic opportunity across the 20th Century from the U.S. Census (1930-2010) with individual-level data on cognitive outcomes from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study participants racialized as Black. A purposive sample of participants born after the Brown v. Board ruling (born 1954-59) were selected who completed the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status between 2010 and 2020 (
=1381). We tested associations of exposure to structural racism and resilience before birth, and during childhood, young-adulthood, and midlife with cognitive trajectories in mid-late life using mixed-effects regression models.
Older adults born in places with higher state-level structural socioeconomic racism experienced a more rapid cognitive decline in later life compared to those with lower levels of exposure. In addition, participants born in places with higher levels of state-level structural socioeconomic resilience experienced slower cognitive change over time than their counterparts.
These findings reveal the impact of racist U.S. policies enacted in the past that influence cognitive health over time and dementia risk later in life.
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Details
- Title
- “Hang Ups, Let Downs, Bad Breaks, Setbacks”: Impact of Structural Socioeconomic Racism and Resilience on Cognitive Change Over Time for Persons Racialized as Black
- Creators
- Paris B Adkins-Jackson - Columbia UniversityBoeun Kim - Johns Hopkins UniversityCésar Higgins Tejera - University of Michigan–Ann ArborTiffany N Ford - University of Illinois at ChicagoAriana N Gobaud - Columbia UniversityKyler J Sherman-Wilkins - Missouri State UniversityIndira C Turney - Columbia UniversityJustina F Avila-Rieger - Columbia UniversityKendra D Sims - University of California, San FranciscoSafiyyah M Okoye - Drexel UniversityDaniel W Belsky - Columbia UniversityTanisha G Hill-Jarrett - University of California, San FranciscoLaura Samuel - Johns Hopkins UniversityGabriella Solomon - Columbia UniversityJack H Cleeve - Columbia UniversityGilbert Gee - University of California, Los AngelesRoland J Thorpe, Jr - Johns Hopkins UniversityDeidra C Crews - Johns Hopkins MedicineRachel R Hardeman - University of MinnesotaZinzi D Bailey - University of MiamiSarah L Szanton - Johns Hopkins UniversityJennifer J Manly - Columbia University
- Publication Details
- Health equity, v 8(1), pp 254-268
- Publisher
- eScholarship, University of California
- Number of pages
- 15
- Grant note
- This work was supported by the National Institute of Aging (DP1AG069874-01S1, 2021 [Paris B. Adkins-Jackson]; DP1AG069874 [Sarah L. Szanton, Boeun Kim, Roland J. Thorpe]; P30AG059298 [Roland J. Thorpe]; K02AG059140 [Roland J. Thorpe]; 3R01AG067592-01S1 [César Higgins Tejera]; T32AG078115, 2022–2027 [Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett]); National Institutes of Health (U54CA267735 [Safiyyah M. Okoye]); the Columbia University Alzheimer's Disease RCMAR (P30AG059303 [Jennifer J. Manly], 2022–2023 [Paris B. Adkins-Jackson]); the National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA031099, 2022–2023 [Ariana N. Gobaud]); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities U54MD000214 (Roland J. Thorpe); and University of Michigan Rackham Merit Fellowship (César Higgins Tejera).
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Doctoral Nursing
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001202594400002
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85190745193
- Other Identifier
- 991021869278804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health