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Journal article
Heart-rate tuned comb filters for processing photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals in pulse oximetry
Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, v 35(4), pp 797-813
2021
PMID: 32556842
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Calculation of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation
(SpO
2
)
levels in humans is often made with a pulse oximeter, using photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms. However, measurements of PPG waveforms are susceptible to motion noise due to subject and sensor movements. In this study, we compare two
SpO
2
-level calculation techniques, and measure the effect of pre-filtering by a heart-rate tuned comb peak filter on their performance. These techniques are: (1) “Red over Infrared,” calculating the ratios of AC and DC components of the red and infrared PPG signals,
(
A
C
/
D
C
)
red
(
A
C
/
D
C
)
infrared
, followed by the use of a calibration curve to determine the
SpO
2
level Webster (in: Design of pulse oximeters, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1997); and (2) a motion-resistant algorithm which uses the Discrete Saturation Transform (DST) (Goldman in J Clin Monit Comput 16:475–83, 2000). The DST algorithm isolates individual “saturation components” in the optical pathway, which allows separation of components corresponding to the
SpO
2
level from components corresponding to noise and interference, including motion artifacts. The comparison we provide here (employing the two techniques with and without pre-filtering) addresses two aspects: (1) accuracy of the
SpO
2
calculations; and (2) computational complexity. We used both synthetic data and experimental data collected from human subjects. The human subjects were tested at rest and while exercising; while exercising, their measurements were subject to the impacts of motion. Our main conclusion is that if an uninterrupted high-quality heart rate measurement is available, then the “Red over Infrared” approach preceded by a heart-rate tuned comb filter provides the preferred trade-off between
SpO
2
-level accuracy and computational complexity. A modest improvement in
SpO
2
estimate accuracy at very low SNR environments may be achieved by switching to the pre-filtered DST-based algorithm (up to 6% improvement in
SpO
2
level accuracy at −10 dB over unfiltered DST algorithm and the filtered “Red over Infrared” approach). However, this improvement comes at a significant computational cost.
Metrics
Details
- Title
- Heart-rate tuned comb filters for processing photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals in pulse oximetry
- Creators
- Ludvik Alkhoury - New Jersey Institute of TechnologyJi-won Choi - New Jersey Institute of TechnologyChizhong Wang - New Jersey Institute of TechnologyArjun Rajasekar - Drexel UniversitySayandeep Acharya - Drexel UniversitySean Mahoney - GTxBarry S. Shender - Human Systems Department, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River, MD, 20670, USA.Leonid Hrebien - Drexel UniversityMoshe Kam - New Jersey Institute of Technology
- Publication Details
- Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, v 35(4), pp 797-813
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Grant note
- N68335-16-C-0085 / Office of Naval Research (US)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000540957000001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85086674759
- Other Identifier
- 991019168742204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Anesthesiology