Logo image
Back
Heat Maps of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Smoking in the Continental United States
Journal article   Open access

Heat Maps of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Smoking in the Continental United States

Matthew Shane Loop, George Howard, Gustavo de Los Campos, Mohammad Z Al-Hamdan, Monika M Safford, Emily B Levitan and Leslie A McClure
Circulation Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, v 10(1)
Jan 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003350
PMID: 28073852
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003350View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)Maybe Open Access (Publisher Bronze),  Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003350View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

African Americans Age Distribution Aged Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology Cluster Analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus - ethnology European Continental Ancestry Group Female Health Status Disparities Humans Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - epidemiology Hypertension - ethnology Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prevalence Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sex Distribution Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - epidemiology Smoking - ethnology Time Factors United States - epidemiology
Geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality are substantial, but descriptions of geographic variations in major cardiovascular risk factors have relied on data aggregated to counties. Herein, we provide the first description of geographic variation in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking within and across US counties. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline risk factor measurements and latitude/longitude of participant residence collected from 2003 to 2007 in the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke). Of the 30 239 participants, all risk factor measurements and location data were available for 28 887 (96%). The mean (±SD) age of these participants was 64.8(±9.4) years; 41% were black; 55% were female; 59% were hypertensive; 22% were diabetic; and 15% were current smokers. In logistic regression models stratified by race, the median(range) predicted prevalence of the risk factors were as follows: for hypertension, 49% (45%-58%) among whites and 72% (68%-78%) among blacks; for diabetes mellitus, 14% (10%-20%) among whites and 31% (28%-41%) among blacks; and for current smoking, 12% (7%-16%) among whites and 18% (11%-22%) among blacks. Hypertension was most prevalent in the central Southeast among whites, but in the west Southeast among blacks. Diabetes mellitus was most prevalent in the west and central Southeast among whites but in south Florida among blacks. Current smoking was most prevalent in the west Southeast and Midwest among whites and in the north among blacks. Geographic disparities in prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking exist within states and within counties in the continental United States, and the patterns differ by race.

Metrics

10 Record Views
44 citations in Web of Science
39 citations in Scopus

Details

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being

InCites Highlights

Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:

Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Logo image