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Journal article
High Tg Vat Photopolymerization Materials Based on In-situ Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Maleimide and Cyanate Ester Monomers
Polymers, v 17(23), 3179
29 Nov 2025
PMID: 41374866
Featured in Collection : Research Supported by Drexel Libraries' OA Programs
Abstract
There are limited material choices for vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing processes that offer high dimensional accuracy. Acrylates and epoxies are commonly used, but their thermal properties are not suitable for applications requiring high-temperature performance. A possible solution is the use of high-performance thermosets, such as maleimide and cyanate ester, which are cured at high temperatures. Still, their use in vat photopolymerization methods has been limited due to the high temperature required. In this work, a photocurable formulation composed of multimaleimide monomers, a reactive diluent, and a cyanate ester was developed to improve thermal and mechanical properties and reduce cure shrinkage due to density changes during processing. In situ sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were investigated, in which the copolymerization of multimaleimide and a diluent occurs during printing, yielding a cyanate ester-swollen network with a sub-room-temperature glass transition temperature (Tg). The polymerization of the cyanate ester occurs during a high-temperature post-printing step. The resulting materials have a Tg above 250 °C (peak in the loss modulus), good fracture toughness (GIc of 100 J/m2), and overall cure shrinkage of less than 6%, with 1–2% occurring during the high-temperature post-curing step.
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Details
- Title
- High Tg Vat Photopolymerization Materials Based on In-situ Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Maleimide and Cyanate Ester Monomers
- Creators
- Anh Fridman - Drexel UniversityNicolas J Alvarez - Drexel University, Chemical and Biological EngineeringGiuseppe Raffaello Palmese (Corresponding Author) - Drexel University, Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Publication Details
- Polymers, v 17(23), 3179
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Number of pages
- 16
- Grant note
- Army Research Laboratory: W911NF-17-2-0277
Army Research Laboratory, Cooperative Agreement W911NF-17-2-0277.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001634362600001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105024552004
- Other Identifier
- 991022135143504721
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Polymer Science