Journal article
Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, v 28(6), pp 673-681
Dec 2025
PMID: 40531213
Abstract
Menopause increases the risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic diseases. This study summarizes the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women.
The study analyzed randomized controlled trials (1998-2024) that assessed the impact of HT on insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in non-diabetic postmenopausal women. Raw mean differences (RMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis compared estrogen alone (E alone) and estrogen plus progestogen (E + P) to placebo.
Seventeen randomized controlled trials with 5772 women (3644 on HT: E alone [
= 1259] or E + P [
= 2385]; 2128 on placebo) were included. The weighted mean (standard deviation) age was 56.91 (5.95) years, with treatment lasting 8 weeks to 3 years. HT significantly reduced HOMA-IR (RMD = -0.24 [-0.32 to -0.16],
< 0.001,
= 60.3%). Subgroup analysis showed reductions in both E alone (RMD = -0.42 [-0.55 to -0.29],
< 0.001,
= 35%) and E + P (RMD= -0.14 [-0.23 to -0.04],
= 0.005,
= 13.7%) compared to placebo.
HT significantly lowers insulin resistance in healthy, non-diabetic postmenopausal women, with E alone yielding greater reductions than combination therapy.
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Details
- Title
- Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Creators
- Tanya Li - Drexel UniversityNathan S Jiang - Case Western Reserve UniversityJulia Kaskey - Temple UniversityPeter F Schnatz - Drexel UniversityMatthew Nudy (Corresponding Author) - Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
- Publication Details
- Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, v 28(6), pp 673-681
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Grant note
- UL1 TR002014 / NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002015 / NCATS NIH HHS
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001511478200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105008293246
- Other Identifier
- 991022196987504721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Obstetrics & Gynecology