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Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial

Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio, Josiah L Kephart, Kendra N Williams, Timothy Shade, Temi Adekunle, Kyle Steenland, Luke P Naeher, Lawrence H Moulton, Gustavo F Gonzales, Marilu Chiang, …
Environmental health perspectives, v 130(5), pp 57007-57007
01 May 2022
PMID: 35549716
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
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Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial3.63 MBDownloadView
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https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10054View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)access removed by US government, 1 Dec 2025 Restricted

Abstract

Adult Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Cooking Cross-Over Studies Female Humans Middle Aged Particulate Matter - analysis Rural Population Soot Air Pollution Peru Petroleum
Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel combustion remains a leading environmental risk factor for morbidity worldwide. Measure the effect of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) interventions on HAP exposures in Puno, Peru. We conducted a 1-y randomized controlled trial followed by a 1-y pragmatic crossover trial in 180 women age 25-64 y. During the first year, intervention participants received a free LPG stove, continuous fuel delivery, and regular behavioral messaging, whereas controls continued their biomass cooking practices. During the second year, control participants received a free LPG stove, regular behavioral messaging, and vouchers to obtain LPG tanks from a nearby distributor, whereas fuel distribution stopped for intervention participants. We collected 48-h kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ( ), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) at baseline and 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post randomization. Baseline (kitchen area concentrations vs. ; personal exposure vs. ), CO (kitchen vs. ; personal vs. ), and BC (kitchen vs. ; personal vs. ) were similar between control and intervention participants. Intervention participants had consistently lower concentrations at the 12-month visit for kitchen ( , , and ) and personal exposures ( , , and ) to , BC, and CO when compared to controls during the first year. In the second year, we observed comparable HAP reductions among controls after the voucher-based intervention for LPG fuel was implemented (24-month visit , BC, and CO kitchen mean concentrations of , , and and personal exposures of , , and , respectively), and average reductions were present among intervention participants even after free fuel distribution stopped (24-month visit , BC, and CO kitchen mean concentrations of , , and and personal exposures of , , and , respectively). Both home delivery and voucher-based provision of free LPG over a 1-y period, in combination with provision of a free LPG stove and longitudinal behavioral messaging, reduced HAP to levels below 24-h World Health Organization air quality guidelines. Moreover, the effects of the intervention on HAP persisted for a year after fuel delivery stopped. Such strategies could be applied in LPG programs to reduce HAP and potentially improve health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10054.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
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Web of Science research areas
Environmental Sciences
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Toxicology
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