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Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis: Partners in Pathogenesis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis: Partners in Pathogenesis

Adam Dykie, Tharaka Wijesinghe, Arnold B. Rabson, Kiran Madugula, Christian Farinas, Sydney Wilson, David Abraham and Pooja Jain
Pathogens (Basel), v 9(11), pp 1-22
01 Nov 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110904
PMID: 33137906
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110904View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY V4.0,  Open

Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine Microbiology Science & Technology
Infection with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with various clinical syndromes including co-infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, which is an intestinal parasitic nematode and the leading cause of strongyloidiasis in humans. Interestingly, HTLV-1 endemic areas coincide with regions citing high prevalence of S. stercoralis infection, making these communities optimal for elucidating the pathogenesis of co-infection and its clinical significance. HTLV-1 co-infection with S. stercoralis has been observed for decades in a number of published patient cases and case series; however, the implications of this co-infection remain elusive. Thus far, data suggest that S. stercoralis increases proviral load in patients co-infected with HTLV-1 compared to HTLV-1 infection alone. Furthermore, co-infection with HTLV-1 has been associated with shifting the immune response from Th2 to Th1, affecting the ability of the immune system to address the helminth infection. Thus, despite this well-known association, further research is required to fully elucidate the impact of each pathogen on disease manifestations in co-infected patients. This review provides an analytical view of studies that have evaluated the variation within HTLV-1 patients in susceptibility to S. stercoralis infection, as well as the effects of strongyloidiasis on HTLV-1 pathogenesis. Further, it provides a compilation of available clinical reports on the epidemiology and pathology of HTLV-1 with parasitic co-infection as well as data from mechanistic studies suggesting possible immunopathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, specific areas of potential future research have been highlighted to facilitate advancing understanding of the complex interactions between these two pathogens.

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24 citations in Web of Science
25 citations in Scopus

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#3 Good Health and Well-Being

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Microbiology
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