Journal article
Human health risks for Legionella and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) from potable and non-potable uses of roof-harvested rainwater
Water research (Oxford), v 119
01 Aug 2017
PMID: 28500949
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of opportunistic pathogens Legionella pneumophila (LP) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was undertaken for various uses of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) reported in Queensland, Australia to identify appropriate usages and guide risk management practices. Risks from inhalation of aerosols due to showering, swimming in pools topped up with RHRW, use of a garden hose, car washing, and toilet flushing with RHRW were considered for LP while both ingestion (drinking, produce consumption, and accidental ingestion from various activities) and inhalation risks were considered f6r MAC. The drinking water route of exposure presented the greatest risks due to cervical lymphadenitis and disseminated infection health endpoints for children and immune compromised populations, respectively. It is therefore not recommended that these populations consume untreated rainwater. LP risks were up to 6 orders of magnitude higher than MAC risks for the inhalation route of exposure for all scenarios. Both inhalation and ingestion QMRA simulations support that While drinking, showering, and garden hosing with RHRW may present the highest risks, car washing and clothes washing could constitute appropriate uses of RHRW for all populations, and toilet flushing and consumption of lettuce irrigation with RHRW would be appropriate for non- immune compromised populations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Details
- Title
- Human health risks for Legionella and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) from potable and non-potable uses of roof-harvested rainwater
- Creators
- Kerry A. Hamilton - CSIRO Land and WaterWarish Ahmed - CSIRO Land and WaterSimon Toze - CSIRO Land and WaterCharles N. Haas - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Water research (Oxford), v 119
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 16
- Grant note
- Fulbright-CSIRO Postgraduate scholarship - Australian-American Fulbright Commission
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000402494600028
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85019025502
- Other Identifier
- 991019168031004721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Engineering, Environmental
- Environmental Sciences
- Water Resources