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Journal article
Identification of the barriers and enablers for receiving a speaking up message: a content analysis approach
Advances in simulation (London), v 8(1), 17
06 Jul 2023
PMID: 37415244
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Background
Within healthcare, the barriers and enablers that influence clinicians' ability to speak up are well researched. However, despite the receiver of the message being identified as a key barrier to a speaker voicing a concern, there have been very few receiver-focused studies. As a result, little is known about the barriers and enablers that influence message reception. Understanding these can help inform speaking up training and ultimately enhance patient safety through more effective clinical communication.
Objectives
To identify enabling or inhibiting factors that influence the receiver's reception and response to a speaking up message, and if the identified barriers and enablers are related to speaker or receiver characteristics.
Design and methods
Twenty-two interdisciplinary simulations were video recorded and transcribed. Simulation participants formed the patient discharge team and were receivers of a speaking up message, delivered by a nurse at the patient's bedside. How the message was delivered (verbose or abrupt wording), was manipulated and counterbalanced across the simulations. Within the post simulation debriefs, barriers and enablers of being a receiver of a message were explored using content analysis.
Setting/participants
This study took place in a large Australian tertiary healthcare setting. Participants were qualified clinicians of varying disciplines and specialties.
Results
A total of 261 barriers and 285 enablers were coded. Results showed that how the message was delivered (differing tone, phases, and manner) influenced what receivers identified as barriers and enablers. Additionally, the receiver's own cognitive processes, such as making positive attributions of the speaker and attempting to build rapport and collegiality, better enabled message reception and response. Receiver behaviour was negatively impacted by listening to fix, rather than understand, and not knowing in the moment how to manage their own reactions and appropriately frame a response.
Conclusion
The debriefings identified key barriers and enablers to receiving a speaking up message that differ from those previously identified for senders of the speaking up message. Current speaking up programs are predominately speaker centric. This study identified that both speaker and receiver behaviour influenced message reception. Therefore, training must place equal attention on both the speaker and receiver and be inclusive of experiential conversational rehearsal of both positive and challenging encounters.
Metrics
Details
- Title
- Identification of the barriers and enablers for receiving a speaking up message: a content analysis approach
- Creators
- Melanie Barlow - Australian Catholic UniversityKate J. Morse - Drexel University, Office of the Associate Dean of NursingBernadette Watson - University of QueenslandFiona Maccallum - University of Queensland
- Publication Details
- Advances in simulation (London), v 8(1), 17
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Number of pages
- 12
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Office of the Associate Dean of Nursing
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001110727200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85165620851
- Other Identifier
- 991021860719804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Health Care Sciences & Services