Journal article
Impact of Non-Arrhenius Temperature Behavior on the Fast-Charging Capabilities of LiCoO2-Graphite Lithium-Ion Batteries
Journal of physical chemistry. C, v 125(3), pp 1731-1741
28 Jan 2021
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries in 15 min or less is an important capability that may lead to greater electric vehicle adoption but remains challenging to implement. Heating to moderate temperature (40-50 degrees C) during the fast-charge step has been introduced as one method to mitigate the loss of lithium inventory by enhancing transport and kinetics. Unfortunately, this edge has two sides as even moderate temperature elevation will accelerate capacity fade due to interface and electrolyte degradation. While the thermal enhancement of transport and degradation is intuitive, the mechanistic effects of various temperature ranges on fast-charging capabilities are under-reported. The present work examines the balance between aging, temperature, and charge rate and describes cycling protocols in combination with high-temperature ranges that may enable fast-charging capabilities. A galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis reveals non-Arrhenius diffusion behavior at the cell level. This shift is attributed to a mechanistic difference in graphite staging at temperatures above and below 40 degrees C. Coupled with differential capacity and voltage analysis, we indicate the specific phase transition that is kinetically sluggish at low temperatures relative to the other phase transitions but is comparable to the other phase transitions at high temperatures. This reduction of the transport bottleneck, in addition to the benefits of thermal activation of diffusion, further minimizes the likelihood of lithium plating that is triggered by particle scale transport challenges well before full lithiation of the graphite. This helps to explain recently described outsized successes of elevated temperature fast-charge protocols, but also questions the temperature at which fast-charge should take place, as the diffusivity gains for 55 vs 45 degrees C are less dramatic than 45 vs 35 degrees C, and side reactions may deter operation above 50 degrees C. These diffusivity studies are connected with long-term aging studies which indicate improved high-temperature aging at lower states-of-charge rather than higher states-of-charge. Taken together, we introduce a cycling protocol utilizing a constant current fast-charge at high temperature to take advantage of lower overpotentials, shorter duration at high states-of-charge, and improved cell diffusivity.
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Details
- Title
- Impact of Non-Arrhenius Temperature Behavior on the Fast-Charging Capabilities of LiCoO2-Graphite Lithium-Ion Batteries
- Creators
- Wesley Chang - Princeton UniversityClement Bommier - Columbia UniversityRobert Mohr - Columbia UniversityDaniel Steingart - Columbia University
- Publication Details
- Journal of physical chemistry. C, v 125(3), pp 1731-1741
- Publisher
- Amer Chemical Soc
- Number of pages
- 11
- Grant note
- ARPA-E Princeton IP Accelerator Fund Mercedes Benz Research and Development North America
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000614317500012
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85100046475
- Other Identifier
- 991021889975804721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Physical
- Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology