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Impact of rainfall, snowpack and storms on contaminant levels in groundwater beneath two U.S. Superfund sites in New York
Journal article   Open access

Impact of rainfall, snowpack and storms on contaminant levels in groundwater beneath two U.S. Superfund sites in New York

Dimitrios E. Bakatsias, Jasmeen Kaur, Tanish Parlapall, Lissa F. Soares, Arjun K. Venkatesan, Roxanne Karimi, Kevin A. Reed and Jaymie R. Meliker
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, v 4(4), 39
01 Dec 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20517/jeea.2025.50
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://doi.org/10.20517/jeea.2025.50View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Science & Technology Toxicology
Superfund sites are polluted locations in the U.S. designated by the Environmental Protection Agency for cleanup due to hazardous waste contamination. The U.S. Government Accountability Office estimates that 50% of U.S. Superfund sites are at risk of flooding, potentially leading to mobility of contaminants into the environment. We investigate the relationships between rainfall, snowpack, and storms with levels of contaminants in well water beneath Dzus Fasteners Co. in West Islip, New York (NY, 2011-2019) and American Thermostat Co. in South Cairo, NY (2005-2011) using data shared by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. At Dzus, sampling was conducted approximately yearly. During Superstorm Sandy in October 2012, the water table beneath Dzus rose 1 to 2 meters due to storm surge, then receded into the Atlantic Ocean via Willetts Creek. In a Dzus monitoring well (MW), cadmium (Cd) increased from 64.4 mu g/L in August 2012, to 120 mu g/L in November 2013; lower levels of Cd were seen in other MWs. In April 2013, after Sandy, 14 out of 70 sediment samples collected along Willetts Creek were above 90 mg/kg Cd, with a maximum of 1,600 mg/kg; the previous maximum was 133 mg/kg. At American Thermostat, positive correlations were detected between volatile organic compounds and both rainfall and snowpack in three out of six observation wells. For example, in well observation well 12, snowpack showed strong correlations with the on-site main contaminants: trichloroethylene (r = 0.96) and tetrachloroethylene (r = 0.86). Despite limited sampling data, these case studies suggest that contaminant levels in groundwater and nearby sediment at Superfund sites can increase with rainfall, snowpack, and intense storms. Increased monitoring frequency is recommended to better understand the impacts of storms and precipitation at Superfund sites.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Environmental Sciences
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Toxicology
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