Journal article
In Situ Electrochemical Dilatometry of Onion-Like Carbon and Carbon Black
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.159(11), pp.A1897-A1903
18 Sep 2012
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Abstract
High power electrochemical double layer capacitors (also called supercapacitors) rely on highly conductive electrode materials with a large specific surface area, which is easily accessible for ions. Exohedral materials with a large ion-accessible outer surface and little or no porosity within the particles are particularly attractive for supercapacitor electrodes because they decrease mass transport limitations and enable very high charge/discharge rates. This study focuses on the investigation of charge induced expansion effects of spherical exohedral carbons, that is, onion-like carbons (OLC, diameter: 5-7 nm) and carbon black (diameter: ≈40 nm). Employing electrochemical in-situ dilatometry we studied the expansion behavior within ±1 V potential window versus carbon in an organic electrolyte (tetraethylammonium-tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile). The expansion had a very small amplitude (<0.2% at ±0.08 C·m−2 accumulated charge; i.e., approximately ±1 V versus carbon) and was fully reversible. This was explained by ion adsorption on the exohedral carbons. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to calculate the solvation shell of the respective cation and anion and the results were used to further evaluate the measured expansion. In summary, the experiments and simulations revealed that ion intercalation or ion sieving, which are commonly found in microporous (endohedral) carbons, were absent. Finally, low sweep rates resulted in a slight electrode compaction on a cycle-by-cycle basis, which can be explained by charge-induced restructuring of the nanoparticle network.
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Details
- Title
- In Situ Electrochemical Dilatometry of Onion-Like Carbon and Carbon Black
- Creators
- M. M Hantel - Paul Scherrer Institut Electrochemistry Laboratory, 5232 Villigen PSI, SwitzerlandV Presser - INM Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Energy Materials Group, D-66123 Saarbücken, GermanyJ. K McDonough - Drexel University Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Pennsylvania 19104, USAG Feng - Vanderbilt University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USAP. T Cummings - Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USAY Gogotsi - Drexel University Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Pennsylvania 19104, USAR Kötz - Paul Scherrer Institut Electrochemistry Laboratory, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Publication Details
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.159(11), pp.A1897-A1903
- Publisher
- The Electrochemical Society
- Number of pages
- 7
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Identifiers
- 991014969851704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science, Coatings & Films