Journal article
Insights Into Facial Surgery Trends in the United States in the Setting of Gender Dysphoria: A National Analysis From 2012 to 2019
The Journal of craniofacial surgery, v 36(2), pp 454-457
Mar 2025
PMID: 39504406
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Introduction:Over the past decade, there has been an improvement in access to gender-affirming surgical care for the transgender population. Even with improvements, this population continues with a high level of inequity among access to specialized surgical care. While multiple studies have previously focused on trends among top and bottom surgery, this study provides trends specifically among facial gender affirmation surgery (FGAS) within the United States. Methods:The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was utilized to identify patients who underwent FGAS from 2012 to 2019. The diagnostic codes for gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria were used to identify the desired patient population. CPT coding released in a medical policy for transgender care coverage was used to identify those who underwent FGAS. Frequency distributions from the patient population were analyzed to determine differences among characteristics. Results:In total, 660 patients underwent FGAS from 2012 to 2019. The incidence of FGAS has increased by 1433%. Geographically, FGAS was more likely to be performed in the West and Northeast geographical regions (P<0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference in hospital length of stay and the total number of charges when stratified by race (P<0.0001 and P=0.0003), hospital location (P<0.0001 and <0.0001), and insurance type (P<0.0001 and <0.0001). The largest cohort of patients paid out-of-pocket (P<0.0001). Conclusions:FGAS is one of the fastest-growing GAS procedures. Currently, FGAS procedures are not equally distributed, with higher concentrations occurring among wealthier, white individuals in certain geographical regions. Future studies are warranted to understand further trends within FGAS.
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Details
- Title
- Insights Into Facial Surgery Trends in the United States in the Setting of Gender Dysphoria: A National Analysis From 2012 to 2019
- Creators
- Chandler Hinson (Corresponding Author) - University of South AlabamaChristian Palacios - Nova Southeastern UniversityJustin M. Camacho - Drexel UniversityVictoria Stoffel - Drexel UniversityHeli Patel - Nova Southeastern UniversityJoshua Kohan - University of VermontMichael G. Brandel - University of California San DiegoChris M. Reid - University of California San DiegoAmanda A. Gosman - University of California San Diego
- Publication Details
- The Journal of craniofacial surgery, v 36(2), pp 454-457
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Number of pages
- 4
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001430734100036
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85209879959
- Other Identifier
- 991022197325404721
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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Source: SDGs in the Output
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Surgery