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Journal article
Interplay between Single Resistance-Associated Mutations in the HIV-1 Protease and Viral Infectivity, Protease Activity, and Inhibitor Sensitivity
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, v 56(2), pp 623-633
01 Feb 2012
PMID: 22083488
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Resistance-associated mutations in the HIV-1 protease modify viral fitness through changes in the catalytic activity and altered binding affinity for substrates and inhibitors. In this report, we examine the effects of 31 mutations at 26 amino acid positions in protease to determine their impact on infectivity and protease inhibitor sensitivity. We found that primary resistance mutations individually decrease fitness and generally increase sensitivity to protease inhibitors, indicating that reduced virion-associated protease activity reduces virion infectivity and the reduced level of per virion protease activity is then more easily titrated by a protease inhibitor. Conversely, mutations at more variable positions (compensatory mutations) confer low-level decreases in sensitivity to all protease inhibitors with little effect on infectivity. We found significant differences in the observed effect on infectivity with a pseudotype virus assay that requires the protease to cleave the cytoplasmic tail of the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Env protein. Additionally, we were able to mimic the fitness loss associated with resistance mutations by directly reducing the level of virion-associated protease activity. Virions containing 50% of a D25A mutant protease were 3- to 5-fold more sensitive to protease inhibitors. This level of reduction in protease activity also resulted in a 2-fold increase in sensitivity to nonnucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase and a similar increase in sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT), indicating a pleiotropic effect associated with reduced protease activity. These results highlight the interplay between enzyme activity, viral fitness, and inhibitor mechanism and sensitivity in the closed system of the viral replication complex.
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Details
- Title
- Interplay between Single Resistance-Associated Mutations in the HIV-1 Protease and Viral Infectivity, Protease Activity, and Inhibitor Sensitivity
- Creators
- Gavin J HendersonSook-Kyung Lee - UNC Center for AIDS Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, and Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USADavid M IrlbeckJanera Harris - UNC Center for AIDS Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, and Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USAMelissa Kline - UNC Center for AIDS Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, and Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USAElizabeth Pollom - Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, and Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USANeil Parkin - University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRonald Swanstrom - Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, and Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
- Publication Details
- Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, v 56(2), pp 623-633
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Medicine (Graduate)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000299658900004
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84862915396
- Other Identifier
- 991021838154704721
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- Collaboration types
- Industry collaboration
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy