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Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States

Puja H Nambiar, Tao Liang, Nazzarena Labo, Jonathan Hand, Emily A Blumberg, Meenakshi M Rana, Sander Florman, Brandy Haydel, Michele I Morris, Joanna Schaenman, …
Clinical infectious diseases, v 82(4), pp 709-719
30 Apr 2026
PMID: 40324947
url
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf229View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Adult Antibodies, Viral - blood Female Herpesviridae Infections - epidemiology Herpesviridae Infections - virology Herpesvirus 8, Human - immunology HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - virology Humans Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi - epidemiology Sarcoma, Kaposi - virology Seroepidemiologic Studies Tissue Donors Transplant Recipients - statistics & numerical data United States - epidemiology
Due to high prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), KSHV-associated disease (KAD) may be increased after kidney transplantation from donors with HIV (HIV D+) to recipients with HIV (HIV R+). Anti-KSHV antibodies were measured in HIV R+ and donors with and without HIV (HIV D-) using a 30-antigen multiplex assay within 3 multicenter kidney transplantation studies. KSHV seropositivity was defined as reactivity to conventional KSHV antigens (≥1 ORF73 or K8.1); reactivity to expanded 5-antigen and 30-antigen panels were also reported. Risk factors were identified using modified Poisson regression. Recipients were monitored for posttransplant anti-KSHV antibody changes and KAD. KSHV seroprevalence was 40.6% (143/352) among HIV R+, 25.2% (33/131) among HIV D+, and 7.5% (4/53) among HIV D-. In the multivariable model, only men who have sex with men (MSM) status was associated with KSHV seropositivity (relative risk, 1.51 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07-2.14] in recipients and 2.39 [95% CI, 1.03-5.53] in donors). Among 418 HIV R+ (215 HIV D+/R+, 203 HIV D-/R+), there were 5 KAD cases (incidence, 0.63 cases/100 person-years [95% CI, .26-1.52]): 3 skin-only Kaposi sarcoma (KS), 1 multicentric Castleman disease, and 1 allograft KS. The allograft KS occurred in a female HIV D+/R+ and was likely donor derived. Remaining KAD cases occurred in male HIV D-/R+ and were likely recipient KSHV reactivation or acquisition. In the United States, KSHV seroprevalence in donors and recipients with HIV was high, particularly among MSM. Reassuringly, KSHV-associated disease was rare and primarily attributed to recipient rather than donor-derived KSHV.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology
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