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Legionnaires' disease: evaluation of a quantitative microbial risk assessment model
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Legionnaires' disease: evaluation of a quantitative microbial risk assessment model

Thomas W. Armstrong and Charles N. Haas
Journal of water and health, v 6(2)
01 Jun 2008
PMID: 18209278
url
https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.026View
Published, Version of Record (VoR)Maybe Open Access (Publisher Bronze) Open

Abstract

Background: The quantities of Legionella vary considerably from natural waters to water in contaminated domestic hot water supplies, whirlpool spas and cooling towers, with the risk for LD rising as the Legionella counts grow. We currently report the results from our Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model evaluation. We developed the LD QMRA model to better understand Legionella exposure risks. Methods: Using an animal data derived model for LD, we calculated risks from estimated exposures for a whirlpool spa outbreak, two hot spring spa outbreaks and compared the results to the reported LD risks. Results: The QMRA model shows agreement (generally less than an order of magnitude discrepancy) with the reported Legionnaires' disease sub-clinical severity infection, clinical severity infection, and mortality risks. Conclusions: The LD QMRA model may lead to risk based limits to supplement the current guidance on Legionella control in cooling towers, whirlpool spas and other potential exposure sources. The verification of QMRA for LD also suggests the techniques, given suitable animal model data, may be useful in quantifying human response to other airborne pathogens.

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59 citations in Scopus

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#6 Clean Water and Sanitation

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Collaboration types
Industry collaboration
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Environmental Sciences
Microbiology
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Water Resources
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