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Journal article
Low energy event reconstruction in IceCube DeepCore
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields, v 82(9), 807
09 Sep 2022
Abstract
The reconstruction of event-level information, such as the direction or energy of a neutrino interacting in IceCube DeepCore, is a crucial ingredient to many physics analyses. Algorithms to extract this high level information from the detector’s raw data have been successfully developed and used for high energy events. In this work, we address unique challenges associated with the reconstruction of lower energy events in the range of a few to hundreds of GeV and present two separate, state-of-the-art algorithms. One algorithm focuses on the fast directional reconstruction of events based on unscattered light. The second algorithm is a likelihood-based multipurpose reconstruction offering superior resolutions, at the expense of larger computational cost.
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- Title
- Low energy event reconstruction in IceCube DeepCore
- Creators
- R. Abbasi - Loyola University ChicagoM. Ackermann - DESYJ. Adams - University of CanterburyJ. A. Aguilar - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesM. Ahlers - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenM. Ahrens - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityJ. M. Alameddine - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityA. A. Alves - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsN. M. Amin - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareK. Andeen - Department of Physics, Marquette UniversityT. Anderson - Pennsylvania State UniversityG. Anton - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. Argüelles - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityY. Ashida - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Axani - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyX. Bai - Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Balagopal V. - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. W. Barwick - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of CaliforniaB. Bastian - DESYV. Basu - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Baur - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesR. Bay - Department of Physics, University of CaliforniaJ. J. Beatty - Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State UniversityK.-H. Becker - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalJ. Becker Tjus - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität BochumJ. Beise - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityC. Bellenghi - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenS. Benda - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. BenZvi - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of RochesterD. Berley - Department of Physics, University of MarylandE. Bernardini - DESY, Università di PadovaD. Z. Besson - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of KansasG. Binder - Department of Physics, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryD. Bindig - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalE. Blaufuss - Department of Physics, University of MarylandS. Blot - DESYM. Boddenberg - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Bontempo - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsJ. Y. Book - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityJ. Borowka - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Böser - Institute of Physics, University of MainzO. Botner - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityJ. Böttcher - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityE. Bourbeau - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenF. Bradascio - DESYJ. Braun - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Brinson - School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of TechnologyS. Bron - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de GenèveJ. Brostean-Kaiser - DESYR. T. Burley - Department of Physics, University of AdelaideR. S. Busse - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterM. A. Campana - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityE. G. Carnie-Bronca - Department of Physics, University of AdelaideC. Chen - Georgia Institute of TechnologyZ. Chen - Stony Brook UniversityD. Chirkin - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Choi - Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityB. A. Clark - Michigan State UniversityK. Clark - Queen's UniversityL. Classen - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterA. Coleman - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareG. H. Collin - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. M. Conrad - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyP. Coppin - Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)P. Correa - Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)D. F. Cowen - Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityR. Cross - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of RochesterC. Dappen - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Dave - School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. De Clercq - Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)J. J. DeLaunay - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaD. Delgado López - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityH. Dembinski - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareK. Deoskar - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityA. Desai - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonP. Desiati - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. D. de Vries - Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)G. de Wasseige - Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de LouvainM. de With - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. De Young - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityA. Diaz - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. C. Díaz-Vélez - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Dittmer - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterH. Dujmovic - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsM. Dunkman - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityM. A. DuVernois - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonT. Ehrhardt - Institute of Physics, University of MainzP. Eller - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenR. Engel - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle PhysicsH. Erpenbeck - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Evans - Department of Physics, University of MarylandP. A. Evenson - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareK. L. Fan - Department of Physics, University of MarylandA. R. Fazely - Department of Physics, Southern UniversityA. Fedynitch - Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaN. Feigl - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinS. Fiedlschuster - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. T. Fienberg - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityC. Finley - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityL. Fischer - DESYD. Fox - Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Franckowiak - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, DESYE. Friedman - Department of Physics, University of MarylandA. Fritz - Institute of Physics, University of MainzP. Fürst - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityT. K. Gaisser - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareJ. Gallagher - Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. Ganster - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Garcia - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityS. Garrappa - DESYL. Gerhardt - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Ghadimi - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaC. Glaser - Uppsala UniversityT. Glauch - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenT. Glüsenkamp - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergN. Goehlke - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle PhysicsJ. G. Gonzalez - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareS. Goswami - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaD. Grant - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityT. Grégoire - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityS. Griswold - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of RochesterC. Günther - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Gutjahr - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityC. Haack - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenA. Hallgren - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityR. Halliday - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityL. Halve - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Halzen - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Ha Minh - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenK. Hanson - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Hardin - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. A. Harnisch - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityA. Haungs - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsD. Hebecker - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinK. Helbing - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalF. Henningsen - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenE. C. Hettinger - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityS. Hickford - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalJ. Hignight - Department of Physics, University of AlbertaC. Hill - Chiba UniversityG. C. Hill - Department of Physics, University of AdelaideK. D. Hoffman - Department of Physics, University of MarylandR. Hoffmann - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalK. Hoshina - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Earthquake Research Institute, University of TokyoW. Hou - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsF. Huang - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityM. Huber - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenT. Huber - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsK. Hultqvist - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityM. Hünnefeld - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityR. Hussain - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. Hymon - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityS. In - Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityN. Iovine - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesA. Ishihara - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityM. Jansson - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityG. S. Japaridze - CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta UniversityM. Jeong - Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityM. Jin - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityB. J. P. Jones - Department of Physics, University of Texas at ArlingtonD. Kang - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsW. Kang - Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityX. Kang - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityA. Kappes - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterD. Kappesser - Institute of Physics, University of MainzL. Kardum - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityT. Karg - DESYM. Karl - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenA. Karle - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonU. Katz - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Kauer - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Kellermann - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. L. Kelley - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Kheirandish - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityK. Kin - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityT. Kintscher - DESYJ. Kiryluk - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook UniversityS. R. Klein - Department of Physics, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Kochocki - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityR. Koirala - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareH. Kolanoski - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. Kontrimas - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenL. Köpke - Institute of Physics, University of MainzC. Kopper - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityS. Kopper - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaD. J. Koskinen - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenP. Koundal - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsM. Kovacevich - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityM. Kowalski - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DESYT. Kozynets - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenE. Krupczak - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityE. Kun - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität BochumN. Kurahashi - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityN. Lad - DESYC. Lagunas Gualda - DESYJ. L. Lanfranchi - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityM. J. Larson - Department of Physics, University of MarylandF. Lauber - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalJ. P. Lazar - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. W. Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversityK. Leonard - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Leszczynska - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareY. Li - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityM. Lincetto - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität BochumQ. R. Liu - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Liubarska - Department of Physics, University of AlbertaE. Lohfink - Institute of Physics, University of MainzC. J. Lozano Mariscal - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterL. Lu - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonF. Lucarelli - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de GenèveA. Ludwig - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLAW. Luszczak - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonY. Lyu - Department of Physics, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryW. Y. Ma - DESYJ. Madsen - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonK. B. M. Mahn - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityY. Makino - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Mancina - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonI. C. Maris - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesI. Martinez-Soler - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityR. Maruyama - Department of Physics, Yale UniversityS. McCarthy - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonT. McElroy - Department of Physics, University of AlbertaF. McNally - Department of Physics, Mercer UniversityJ. V. Mead - University of CopenhagenK. Meagher - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Mechbal - DESYA. Medina - Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State UniversityM. Meier - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityS. Meighen-Berger - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenJ. Micallef - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityD. Mockler - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesT. Montaruli - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de GenèveR. W. Moore - Department of Physics, University of AlbertaR. Morse - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Moulai - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyT. Mukherjee - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsR. Naab - DESYR. Nagai - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityU. Naumann - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalJ. Necker - DESYL. V. Nguyễn - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityH. Niederhausen - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityM. U. Nisa - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityS. C. Nowicki - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityA. Obertacke Pollmann - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalM. Oehler - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsB. Oeyen - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of GentA. Olivas - Department of Physics, University of MarylandE. O’Sullivan - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityH. Pandya - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareD. V. Pankova - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityN. Park - Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen’s UniversityG. K. Parker - Department of Physics, University of Texas at ArlingtonE. N. Paudel - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareL. Paul - Department of Physics, Marquette UniversityC. Pérez de los Heros - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityL. Peters - RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Peterson - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Philippen - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Pieper - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalA. Pizzuto - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. Plum - Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyY. Popovych - Institute of Physics, University of MainzA. Porcelli - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of GentM. Prado Rodriguez - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Pries - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityG. T. Przybylski - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryC. Raab - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesJ. Rack-Helleis - Institute of Physics, University of MainzA. Raissi - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of CanterburyM. Rameez - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenK. Rawlins - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska AnchorageI. C. Rea - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenZ. Rechav - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Rehman - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareP. Reichherzer - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität BochumR. Reimann - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityG. Renzi - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesE. Resconi - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenS. Reusch - DESYW. Rhode - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityM. Richman - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityB. Riedel - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonE. J. Roberts - Department of Physics, University of AdelaideS. Robertson - Department of Physics, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryG. Roellinghoff - Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityM. Rongen - Institute of Physics, University of MainzC. Rott - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan UniversityT. Ruhe - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityD. Ryckbosch - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of GentD. Rysewyk Cantu - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityI. Safa - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Saffer - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle PhysicsP. Sampathkumar - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsS. E. Sanchez Herrera - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityA. Sandrock - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityM. Santander - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaS. Sarkar - Department of Physics, University of OxfordK. Satalecka - DESYM. Schaufel - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityH. Schieler - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsS. Schindler - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergT. Schmidt - Department of Physics, University of MarylandA. Schneider - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Schneider - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergF. G. Schröder - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareL. Schumacher - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenG. Schwefer - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Sclafani - Department of Physics, Drexel UniversityD. Seckel - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareS. Seunarine - Department of Physics, University of WisconsinA. Sharma - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityS. Shefali - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle PhysicsN. Shimizu - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityM. Silva - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonB. Skrzypek - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard UniversityB. Smithers - Department of Physics, University of Texas at ArlingtonR. Snihur - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Soedingrekso - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityD. Soldin - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareC. Spannfellner - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenG. M. Spiczak - Department of Physics, University of WisconsinC. Spiering - DESYJ. Stachurska - DESYM. Stamatikos - Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State UniversityT. Stanev - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareR. Stein - DESYJ. Stettner - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityT. Stezelberger - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryT. Stürwald - Department of Physics, University of WuppertalT. Stuttard - Niels Bohr Institute, University of CopenhagenG. W. Sullivan - Department of Physics, University of MarylandI. Taboada - School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of TechnologyS. Ter-Antonyan - Department of Physics, Southern UniversityJ. Thwaites - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Tilav - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of DelawareF. Tischbein - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Tollefson - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityC. Tönnis - Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Toscano - Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de BruxellesD. Tosi - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonA. Trettin - DESYM. Tselengidou - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. F. Tung - School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of TechnologyA. Turcati - Physik-department, Technische Universität MünchenR. Turcotte - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsC. F. Turley - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityJ. P. Twagirayezu - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityB. Ty - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonM. A. Unland Elorrieta - Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterN. Valtonen-Mattila - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala UniversityJ. Vandenbroucke - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonN. van Eijndhoven - Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)D. Vannerom - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. van Santen - DESYJ. Veitch-Michaelis - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Verpoest - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of GentC. Walck - Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm UniversityW. Wang - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonT. B. Watson - Department of Physics, University of Texas at ArlingtonC. Weaver - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityP. Weigel - Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Weindl - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsM. J. Weiss - Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State UniversityJ. Weldert - Institute of Physics, University of MainzC. Wendt - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonJ. Werthebach - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund UniversityM. Weyrauch - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle PhysicsN. Whitehorn - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLAC. H. Wiebusch - III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen UniversityN. Willey - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityD. R. Williams - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of AlabamaM. Wolf - University of Wisconsin–MadisonG. Wrede - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergJ. Wulff - Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität BochumX. W. Xu - Department of Physics, Southern UniversityJ. P. Yanez - Department of Physics, University of AlbertaE. Yildizci - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonS. Yoshida - Department of Physics, The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba UniversityS. Yu - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State UniversityT. Yuan - Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin–MadisonZ. Zhang - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook UniversityP. Zhelnin - Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- Publication Details
- The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields, v 82(9), 807
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Number of pages
- 21
- Grant note
- USA - U.S. National Science Foundation- Office o / IceCube Collaboration Funding Acknowledgements
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000852436500001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85138172958
- Other Identifier
- 991019173529804721
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