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Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases

Shweta Arora, Kapil Dev, Beamon Agarwal, Pragnya Das and Mansoor Ali Syed
Immunobiology (1979), v 223(4-5), pp 383-396
Apr 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001
PMID: 29146235
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Alternative activation Asthma BPD Classical activation COPD Lung inflammation M1/M2 macrophages ESI Highly Cited Paper (Incites)
Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate and acquired immunity, healthy tissue homeostasis, vasculogenesis and congenital metabolism. Two hallmarks of macrophages are diversity and plasticity due to which they acquire a wobbling array of phenotypes. These phenotypes are appropriately synchronized responses to a variety of different stimuli from either the tissue microenvironment or – microbes or their products. Based on the phenotype, macrophages are classified into classically activated/(M1) and alternatively activated/(M2) which are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d based upon gene expression profiles. Macrophage phenotype metamorphosis is the regulating factor in initiation, progression, and termination of numerous inflammatory diseases. Several transcriptional factors and other factors controlling gene expression such as miRNAs contribute to the transformation of macrophages at different points in different diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and modulation of their phenotypes to adjust to the micro environmental conditions might provide us a great prospective for designing novel therapeutic strategy. In view of the above, this review summarises the activation of macrophages, the factors intricated in activation along with benefaction of macrophage polarization in response to microbial infections, pulmonary toxicity, lung injury and other inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary dysplasia (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), asthma and sepsis, along with the existing efforts to develop therapies targeting this facet of macrophage biology.

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514 citations in Web of Science
520 citations in Scopus

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Immunology
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