Journal article
Magnitude and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Household Transmission: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Clinical infectious diseases, v 75(Supplement_2), pp S193-S204
03 Oct 2022
PMID: 35788827
Abstract
Background
Households have emerged as important venues for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Little is known, however, regarding the magnitude and determinants of household transmission in increasingly vaccinated populations.
Methods
From September 2020 to January 2022, symptomatic nonhospitalized individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection by RNA detection were identified within 5 days of symptom onset; all individuals resided with at least 1 other SARS-CoV-2–uninfected household member. These infected persons (cases) and their household members (contacts) were subsequently followed with questionnaire-based measurement and serial nasal specimen collection. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infection among contacts.
Results
We evaluated 42 cases and their 74 household contacts. Among the contacts, 32 (43%) became infected, of whom 5 (16%) were asymptomatic; 81% of transmissions occurred by 5 days after the case’s symptom onset. From 21 unvaccinated cases, 14-day cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among contacts was 18/40 (45% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 29%–62%]), most of whom were unvaccinated. From 21 vaccinated cases, 14-day cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14/34 (41% [95% CI, 25%–59%]) among all contacts and 12/29 (41% [95% CI, 24%–61%]) among vaccinated contacts. At least 1 comorbid condition among cases and 10 or more days of RNA detection in cases were associated with increased risk of infection among contacts.
Conclusions
Among households including individuals with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, both vaccinated-to-vaccinated and unvaccinated-to-unvaccinated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to household contacts was common. Because vaccination alone did not notably reduce risk of infection, household contacts will need to employ additional interventions to avoid infection.
Metrics
Details
- Title
- Magnitude and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Household Transmission: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
- Creators
- J. Daniel Kelly - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United StatesScott Lu - Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesKhamal Anglin - Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesMiguel Garcia-Knight - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesJesus Pineda-Ramirez - Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesSarah A. Goldberg - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesMichel Tassetto - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesAmethyst Zhang - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesKevin Donohue - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesMichelle C. Davidson - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesMariela Romero - Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesRuth Diaz Sanchez - University of California, San FranciscoManuella Djomaleu - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesSujata Mathur - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesJessica Y. Chen - Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesCarrie A. Forman - School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesVenice Servellita - Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesRubi D. Montejano - School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesJoshua R. Shak - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United StatesGeorge W. Rutherford - Office of AIDS ResearchSteven G. Deeks - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGlen R. Abedi - Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesMelissa A. Rolfes - Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSharon Saydah - Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesMelissa Briggs-Hagen - Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesMichael J. Peluso - Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United StatesCharles Chiu - Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesClaire M. Midgley - Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United StatesRaul Andino - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesJeffrey N. Martin - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Publication Details
- Clinical infectious diseases, v 75(Supplement_2), pp S193-S204
- Number of pages
- 12
- Grant note
- K23AI146268 / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/100000060) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/100000030) K23 AI146268 / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (100000060) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/SciValFunders/100000060) CDC Broad Agency Announcement
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000864199000008
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85138073337
- Other Identifier
- 991021860716304721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology