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Making Waves: Moving beyond the 1 in 10,000 benchmark in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) through evidence-informed risk approaches and systems decision-making
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Making Waves: Moving beyond the 1 in 10,000 benchmark in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) through evidence-informed risk approaches and systems decision-making

Kerry A. Hamilton, Hunter Quon, Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Patrick L. Gurian, Eva Reynaert, Charles N. Haas, Eberhard Morgenroth and Amanda M. Wilson
Water research (Oxford), v 289(Part A), 124903
15 Jan 2026
PMID: 41205330

Abstract

Quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) Risk targets Public health policy Tradeoffs Microbiology Public Health
Public health decision-making for the management of infectious diseases quantifies human risks, typically segmented by vulnerability groupings to evaluate risk management interventions. While many paradigms are available for evaluating risks and their tradeoffs, relatively few are used in practice. Many sectors such as water reuse rely on benchmark approaches for risk, such as 1 in 10,000 infections per person per year. As risk-risk tradeoffs are increasingly considered in quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA), there is a need to broaden acceptability criteria beyond such approaches to consider holistic aspects of decision-making such as broader sustainability and cost impacts, and fairness. Evidence-based benchmarks can be incorporated into a systems approach to risk management by providing a more integrated alternative to strict policy-recommended one-size-fits-all targets. Potential research gaps for both existing and forward-looking metrics of acceptable microbial risk and alternative approaches are identified, with water reuse as a focus area.

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This publication has contributed to the advancement of the following goals:

#3 Good Health and Well-Being
#6 Clean Water and Sanitation

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Engineering, Environmental
Environmental Sciences
Water Resources
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