Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

O. Njoya; T. Tsang; M. Tarka; W. Fairbank; K. S. Kumar; T. Rao; T. Wager; S. Al Kharusi; G. Anton; I. J. Arnquist; Badhrees; P. S. Barbeau; D. Beck; Belov; T. Bhatta; J. P. Brodsky; E. Brown; T. Brunner; E. Caden; G. F. Cao; L. Cao; W. R. Cen; C. Chambers; B. Chana; S. A. Charlebois; M. Chiu; B. Cleveland; M. Coon; A. Craycraft; J. Dalmasson; T. Daniels; L. Darroch; S. J. Daugherty; A. De St Croix; A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian; R. DeVoe; M. L. Di Vacri; J. Dilling; Y. Y. Ding; M. J. Dolinski; A. Dragone; J. Echevers; M. Elbeltagi; L. Fabris; D. Fairbank; J. Farine; S. Ferrara; S. Feyzbakhsh; R. Fontaine; A. Fucarino; G. Gallina; P. Gautam; G. Giacomini; D. Goeldi; R. Gornea; G. Gratta; E. Hansen; M. Heffner; E. W. Hoppe; J. Hoessl; A. House; M. Hughes; A. Iverson; A. Jamil; M. J. Jewell; X. S. Jiang; A. Karelin; L. J. Kaufman; D. Kodroff; T. Koffas; R. Krucken; A. Kuchenkov; Y. Lan; A. Larson; K. G. Leach; B. G. Lenardo; D. S. Leonard; G. Li; S. Li; Z. Li; C. Licciardi; Y. H. Lin; P. Lv; R. MacLellan; T. McElroy; M. Medina-Peregrina; T. Michel; B. Mong; D. C. Moore; K. Murray; P. Nakarmi; C. R. Natzke; R. J. Newby; Z. Ning; F. Nolet; O. Nusair; K. Odgers; A. Odian; M. Oriunno; J. L. Orrell; G. S. Ortega; Ostrovskiy; C. T. Overman; S. Parent; A. Piepke; A. Pocar; J-F Pratte; Radeka; E. Raguzin; S. Rescia; F. Retiere; M. Richman; A. Robinson; T. Rossignol; P. C. Rowson; N. Roy; J. Runge; R. Saldanha; S. Sangiorgio; K. Skarpaas; A. K. Soma; G. St-Hilaire; Stekhanov; T. Stiegler; X. L. Sun; J. Todd; T. Tolba; T. Totev; R. Tsang; F. Vachon; V. Veeraraghavan; S. Viel; G. Visser; C. Vivo-Vilches; J-L Vuilleumier; M. Wagenpfeil; M. Walent; Q. Wang; M. Ward; J. Watkins; M. Weber; W. Wei; L. J. Wen; U. Wichoski; S. X. Wu; W. H. Wu; X. Wu; Q. Xia; H. Yang; L. Yang; Y-R Yen; O. Zeldovich; J. Zhao; Y. Zhou; T. Ziegler; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.163965

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Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

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Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

O. Njoya, T. Tsang, M. Tarka, W. Fairbank, K. S. Kumar, T. Rao, T. Wager, S. Al Kharusi, G. Anton, I. J. Arnquist, …

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, v 972, p163965

21 Aug 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.163965

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Abstract

Instruments & Instrumentation

Nuclear Science & Technology

Physical Sciences

Physics

Physics, Nuclear

Physics, Particles & Fields

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Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1.97 +/- 0.04 mm/mu s and (-0.69 +/- 0.05)%/K for liquid xenon, and 1.42 +/- 0.03 mm/mu s and (+0.11 +/- 0.01)%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25.7 +/- 4.6 cm(2)/s and 149 +/- 23 cm(2)/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.

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Title: Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode
Creators: O. Njoya - Stony Brook University
T. Tsang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
M. Tarka - SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
W. Fairbank - Colorado State Univ, Phys Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
K. S. Kumar - SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
T. Rao - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
T. Wager - Colorado State Univ, Phys Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
S. Al Kharusi - McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
G. Anton - Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys ECAP, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
I. J. Arnquist - Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA
Badhrees - Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
P. S. Barbeau - Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA
D. Beck - Univ Illinois, Phys Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
Belov - Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
T. Bhatta - Univ South Dakota, Dept Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
J. P. Brodsky - Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
E. Brown - Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA
T. Brunner - McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
E. Caden - Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
G. F. Cao - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
L. Cao - Chinese Academy of Sciences
W. R. Cen - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
C. Chambers - Colorado State University
B. Chana - Carleton University
S. A. Charlebois - Université de Sherbrooke
M. Chiu - Brookhaven National Laboratory
B. Cleveland - Laurentian University
M. Coon - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
A. Craycraft - Colorado State University
J. Dalmasson - Stanford University
T. Daniels - University of North Carolina Wilmington
L. Darroch - McGill University
S. J. Daugherty - Indiana University
A. De St Croix - TRIUMF, Columbia, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian - Laurentian Univ, Dept Phys, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
R. DeVoe - Stanford University
M. L. Di Vacri - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
J. Dilling - University of British Columbia
Y. Y. Ding - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
M. J. Dolinski - Drexel University
A. Dragone - Stanford University
J. Echevers - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
M. Elbeltagi - Carleton University
L. Fabris - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
D. Fairbank - Colorado State University
J. Farine - Laurentian University
S. Ferrara - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Feyzbakhsh - University of Massachusetts Amherst
R. Fontaine - Université de Sherbrooke
A. Fucarino - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
G. Gallina - University of British Columbia
P. Gautam - Drexel University
G. Giacomini - Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. Goeldi - Carleton University
R. Gornea - Carleton University
G. Gratta - Stanford University
E. Hansen - Drexel University
M. Heffner - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E. W. Hoppe - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
J. Hoessl - Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys ECAP, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
A. House - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
M. Hughes - University of Alabama
A. Iverson - Colorado State University
A. Jamil - Yale University
M. J. Jewell - Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
X. S. Jiang - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
A. Karelin - Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
L. J. Kaufman - University of Massachusetts Amherst
D. Kodroff - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. Koffas - Carleton University
R. Krucken - University of British Columbia
A. Kuchenkov - Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
Y. Lan - University of British Columbia
A. Larson - University of South Dakota
K. G. Leach - Colorado School of Mines
B. G. Lenardo - Stanford University
D. S. Leonard - IBS Ctr Underground Phys, Daejeon 34126, South Korea
G. Li - Stanford University
S. Li - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Z. Li - Yale University
C. Licciardi - Laurentian University
Y. H. Lin - Drexel University
P. Lv - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
R. MacLellan - University of South Dakota
T. McElroy - McGill University
M. Medina-Peregrina - McGill University
T. Michel - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
B. Mong - Stanford University
D. C. Moore - Yale University
K. Murray - McGill University
P. Nakarmi - University of Alabama
C. R. Natzke - Colorado School of Mines
R. J. Newby - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Z. Ning - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. Nolet - Université de Sherbrooke
O. Nusair - University of Alabama
K. Odgers - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
A. Odian - Stanford University
M. Oriunno - Stanford University
J. L. Orrell - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
G. S. Ortega - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Ostrovskiy - Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
C. T. Overman - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Parent - Université de Sherbrooke
A. Piepke - University of Alabama
A. Pocar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J-F Pratte - Université de Sherbrooke
Radeka - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
E. Raguzin - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Rescia - Brookhaven National Laboratory
F. Retiere - TRIUMF
M. Richman - Drexel University
A. Robinson - Laurentian University
T. Rossignol - Université de Sherbrooke
P. C. Rowson - Stanford University
N. Roy - Université de Sherbrooke
J. Runge - Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA
R. Saldanha - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Sangiorgio - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
K. Skarpaas - SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
A. K. Soma - University of Alabama
G. St-Hilaire - Université de Sherbrooke
Stekhanov - Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
T. Stiegler - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
X. L. Sun - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
J. Todd - Colorado State University
T. Tolba - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Totev - McGill University
R. Tsang - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
F. Vachon - Université de Sherbrooke
V. Veeraraghavan - University of Alabama
S. Viel - Carleton University
G. Visser - Indiana University
C. Vivo-Vilches - Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
J-L Vuilleumier - University of Bern
M. Wagenpfeil - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
M. Walent - Laurentian University
Q. Wang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
M. Ward - TRIUMF
J. Watkins - Carleton University
M. Weber - Stanford University
W. Wei - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
L. J. Wen - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
U. Wichoski - Laurentian University
S. X. Wu - Stanford University
W. H. Wu - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
X. Wu - Chinese Academy of Sciences
Q. Xia - Yale University
H. Yang - Chinese Academy of Sciences
L. Yang - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Y-R Yen - Drexel University
O. Zeldovich - Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
J. Zhao - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
Y. Zhou - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Ziegler - University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Publication Details: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, v 972, p163965
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 10
Grant note: IBS in Korea NSERC in Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) CAS in China A. McDonald Institute - CFREF in Canada NSF in the United States; National Science Foundation (NSF) 18-02-00550 / RFBR in Russia; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) FRQNT in Canada NSFC in China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programs at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Offices of Nuclear and High Energy Physics within the DOE Office of Science CFI in Canada NRC in Canada
Resource Type: Journal article
Language: English
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology; Physics
Web of Science ID: WOS:000571576700008
Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85084936701
Other Identifier: 991019168227504721

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Collaboration types: Domestic collaboration; International collaboration
Web of Science research areas: Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields

Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

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