Journal article
Measuring the composition and availability of human resources for health by sex in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2023, and workforce gaps for universal health coverage: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
The Lancet. Public health, v 11(9), pp e604-e629
01 Sep 2026
PMID: 42612647
Abstract
Understanding the size, gender composition, and cadre mix of the health workforce and how it has evolved across time and locations can inform policies for planning, recruitment, training, and retention of human resources for health (HRH), and improvement of access to the health-care workforce among populations. Using comparable and standardised data sources, we aim to describe the composition and density of health workers by sex among 20 cadres for 204 countries and territories over 1990–2023 and quantify workforce shortfalls relative to universal health coverage (UHC) attainment.
We used 1816 country-years of data from population-based surveys, 82 from censuses, 3888 from administrative sources, and 96 from scientific literature. We harmonised reported occupation in all sources with the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008. We produced estimates for 20 cadres and the total health workforce disaggregated by sex using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, a standardised method in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study. Finally, stochastic frontier meta-regression was used to estimate the minimum density of doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists, and pharmacists required to reach a score of 80 out of 100 on the UHC effective coverage index.
In 2023, there were 122·1 million (95% uncertainty interval 115·4–130·5) health workers across 20 cadres, an increase of 81·2 million (72·0–90·5) or 198·5% (161·9–245·6) relative to 1990. Of that total, there were 15·1 million (13·1–18·2) doctors, 33·2 million (30·8–36·3) nurses, 2·4 million (2·0–2·9) midwives, and 7·6 million (6·7–8·6) community health workers (CHWs). 68·9% (66·9–70·6) of all health workers in 2023 were female, and female health workers accounted for 71·4% (64·5–77·4) of net HRH workforce growth. Less than half of doctors were female (43·9%, 34·5–53·2) and most nurses (80·7%, 76·2–83·1), midwives (96·0%, 83·9–98·5), and CHWs (89·5%, 83·6–93·7) were female. Substantial differences in HRH density remained into 2023: sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest HRH densities across cadres, with the exception of CHWs, while high-income countries had the highest HRH densities. To reach 80 out of 100 on the UHC index, an additional 7·1 million (6·6–7·5) doctors, 23·9 million (21·8–26·1) nurses and midwives, 1·8 million (1·6–1·9) dentists, and 1·6 million (1·4–1·9) pharmacists are required globally.
The global health workforce has expanded substantially since 1990, largely due to women entering the formal health workforce. However, this expansion has been uneven across regions and persistent shortfalls remain in doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists, and pharmacists relative to moderate UHC attainment. Addressing these gaps will require expansion of training capacity, retention and remuneration policies for early-career workers, and gender-responsive workforce arrangements.
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- Title
- Measuring the composition and availability of human resources for health by sex in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2023, and workforce gaps for universal health coverage: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
- Creators
- Megan Knight - University of WashingtonKelly Bienhoff - University of WashingtonBhoomadevi A - Amity UniversityHazim S Ababneh - Massachusetts General HospitalMadineh Abbasi - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesZahra Abbasi Dolatabadi - Tehran University of Medical SciencesMitra Abbasifard - Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesSamar Abd ElHafeez - Alexandria UniversityAshraf Nabiel Abdalla - Umm al-Qura UniversityReda Abdel-Hameed - University of Ha'ilAtef Abdelkader - Ajman UniversitySherief Abd-Elsalam - Tanta UniversityDeldar Morad Abdulah - University of DuhokAuwal Abdullahi - Bayero University KanoMeklit Girma Abebe - Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Landmark General Hospital, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTesfaye Birhanu Abebe - Salale UniversityHabtamu Abebe Getahun - University of GondarArmita Abedi - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesAsrat Agalu Abejew - Bahir Dar UniversityE S Abhilash - Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, IndiaAlemwork Abie - Bahir Dar UniversityRichard Gyan Aboagye - University of Health and Allied SciencesAbdullahi Tunde Aborode - Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, NigeriaNagah M Abourashed - Benha UniversityMohamed Abouzid - Poznan University of Medical SciencesLucas Guimarães Abreu - Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilMichael R M Abrigo - Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, PhilippinesDariush Abtahi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAmr Selim Abu Lila - University of Ha'ilBilyaminu Abubakar - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityRana Kamal Abu-Farha - Applied Science Private UniversityEman Abu-Gharbieh - Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesAhmad Y Abuhelwa - Department Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesHana J Abukhadijah - Hamad Medical CorporationAnirudh Balakrishna Acharya - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesKrishna Prasad Acharya - Department of Livestock ServicesSwetha Acharya - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMaryam Adabi - Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranLisa C Adams - Technical University of MunichNuhu Lawan Adamu - Adama Science and Technology UniversityIsaac Yeboah Addo - School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaOlusegun Adetomiwa Adediran - University of IbadanKamoru Ademola Adedokun - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterOluwatobi E Adegbile - East Tennessee State UniversityOlumide Thomas Adeleke - Bowen UniversityMiracle Ayomikun Adesina - Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, NigeriaRidwan Olamilekan Adesola - University of MissouriCharles Oluwaseun Adetunji - Edo State University UzairueJuliana Bunmi Adetunji - Osun State UniversityRipon Kumar Adhikary - Jashore University of Science and TechnologyAtman Adiba - Department of Biotechnology, National Institute for Agronomic Research, Morocco, Beni Mellal, MoroccoPrince Owusu Adoma - University of Education, WinnebaAanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi - Memphis Center For Reproductive HealthMuhammad Sohail Afzal - Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, PakistanSaira Afzal - King Edward Memorial HospitalVictor Ibukun Agbajelola - University of MissouriFeleke Doyore Doyore Agide - Department of Public Health, Kampala International University, Kampala, UgandaPercival Delali Agordoh - University of Health and Allied SciencesCésar Agostinis Sobrinho - SPRINTPrince Agwu - University of DundeeWilliams Agyemang-Duah - Queen's UniversityAdamu Adamu Ahmad - University of NizwaAqeel Ahmad - Shaqra UniversityDanish Ahmad - University of CanberraKhabir Ahmad - King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalMuayyad M Ahmad - University of JordanRabbiya Ahmad - Universiti Sains MalaysiaSajjad Ahmad - Abasyn UniversitySuleiman Idris Ahmad - Vaccines and Immunity Department, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Fajara, The GambiaAli Ahmadi - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesAsma Ahmed - University of LahoreAyman Ahmed - University of KhartoumJahanzaib Mian Ahmed - Health Department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, PakistanJunaid Ahmed - Manipal College of Dental Sciences,Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaMehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed - Majmaah UniversityMuktar Beshir Ahmed - Flinders UniversityMushood Ahmed - Rawalpindi Medical UniversitySyed Anees Ahmed - East Carolina UniversityMarjan Ajami - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesMuhammad Nadeem Akhtar - University of LahoreSamina Akhtar - Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, karachi, PakistanWole Akosile - Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaMohammad Khaled Al Nawayseh - Ajman UniversityYazan Al Thaher - Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, JordanOmar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi - Sultan Qaboos UniversityMohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi - School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USATariq Al Zoubi - American University of Ras Al KhaimahTimothy Olukunle Aladelusi - University of IbadanFares Alahdab - University of MissouriZiyad Al-Aly - Washington University in St. LouisKhurshid Alam - Murdoch UniversityMohammad Khursheed Alam - Jouf UniversityMohammad Jahoor Alam - University of Ha'ilPravej Alam - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityZufishan Alam - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart UniversityRasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer - Yarmouk UniversityFahad Mashhour Alanezi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityTurki M Alanzi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityFahmi Y Al-Ashwal - Al-Ayen Iraqi UniversityHussin Albargi - Jazan UniversityMohammed Albashtawy - Al al-Bayt UniversityJacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal - Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoKhalifah A Aldawsari - Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USAMohammed S Aldossary - General Directorate of Research and Studies, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRobert W Aldridge - University of WashingtonShereen M Aleidi - College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesBezawit Abeje Alemayehu - Bahir Dar UniversityAyman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud UniversityAli M Alfalki - University of South CarolinaAbdelazeem M Algammal - Suez Canal UniversityRobert Kaba Alhassan - University of Health and Allied SciencesAshraf Alhumaidi - Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, YemenIrfan Ali - Aligarh Muslim UniversityKamran Ali - Qatar UniversityLiaqat Ali - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, PakistanMohammad Daud Ali - Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaMohammed Usman Ali - University of MaiduguriRafat Ali - Jamia Millia IslamiaSyed Shujait Ali - University of TabukAkram Al-Ibraheem - King Hussein Cancer CenterMontaha Al-Iede - University of JordanEsubalew Muluneh Aligaz - Bahir Dar UniversityHamid Alinejad Rokny - Chulalongkorn UniversityCyrus Alinia - Urmia University of Medical SciencesMorteza Alipour - Biomedical Physics Group, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, GermanySamah W Al-Jabi - An-Najah National UniversityMoath Saleh Aljohani - Qassim UniversitySyed Mohamed Aljunid - University of Kuala LumpurWesam Taher Almagharbeh - University of TabukMohammed J Almalki - Jazan UniversityMd Al-Mamun - BRAC UniversitySabah Al-Marwani - Independent Consultant, Amman, JordanJoseph Uy Almazan - Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanMohmmad Minwer Alnaeem - Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanKhaldoon Aied Alnawafleh - University of TabukMahmoud A Alomari - Jordan University of Science and TechnologySaleh A Alqahtani - Liver, Digestive, and Lifestyle Health Research Section and Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMohammad AlQudah - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIntima Alrimawi - Georgetown UniversitySahel Majed Alrousan - Macro-Fiscal Policy Department, Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesAli Salman Al-Shami - Sana'a UniversityMamdouh Alshammari - University of Ha'ilAbdalkarem Fedgash Alsharari - Jouf UniversityAlaa B Al-Tammemi - Jordan Center for Disease ControlMalik A Althobiani - King Abdulaziz UniversityNelson Alvis-Guzman - Research Group in Health Economics, (University of Cartagena) (Universidad de Cartagena), Cartagena, ColombiaYaser Mohammed Al-Worafi - Fakeeh College for Medical SciencesMohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyKarem H Alzoubi - Qatar UniversityMasoud Aman Mohammadi - Urmia University of Medical SciencesMcKing Izeiza Amedari - University of Mississippi Medical CenterFaten Amer - An-Najah National UniversityAmr Amin - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSaeed Amini - Department of Health and Management Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, IranMajid Aminzare - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesSohrab Amiri - Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesGaniyu Adeniyi Amusa - University of JosJimoh Amzat - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityPedro Prata Andrade - Technische Universität BerlinSong Peng Ang - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyBlake Angell - Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, EnglandNguyen Hoang Anh - Thai Binh University of Medicine and PharmacySamuel Egyakwa Ankomah - University of Cape CoastKabilan Annadurai - The Apollo UniversityBoluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa - University of Medical Sciences, OndoIyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa - University of Medical Sciences, OndoSaeid Anvari - Guilan University of Medical SciencesSumadi Lukman Anwar - Universitas Gadjah MadaRazique Anwer - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversityAnayochukwu Edward Anyasodor - Charles Sturt UniversityJalal Arabloo - Iran University of Medical SciencesMosab Arafat - Al Ain UniversityAleksandr Y Aravkin - University of WashingtonDemelash Areda - Ottawa UniversityAbdulfatai Aremu - University of IlorinGhazal Arjmand - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesJesu Arockiaraj - SRIMahwish Arooj - University of LahoreAnton A Artamonov - Institute of Social, Medical, and Applied Research Technology, Institute of Social, Medical, and Applied Research Technology, Moscow, RussiaNabiy Arystan - Nazarbayev University, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanSyed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq - Almaarefa UniversitySaeed Asgary - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNestor Asiamah - University of EssexMuhammad Shahzad Aslam - Xiamen University MalaysiaGizew Dessie Asres - Researcher, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaAnil Raj Assariparambil - Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, IndiaBatyrbek Assembekov - Kazakh National Medical UniversitySeyyed Shamsadin Athari - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesSulaiman Olusegun Atiku - Namibia University of Science and TechnologyBa-Etilayoo Atinga - nursing, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, GhanaPrince Atorkey - School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaAlok Atreya - Lumbini Medical CollegeAvinash Aujayeb - Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustNyan Min Aung - Department of Oral Biological Science, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, MyanmarSana Javaid Awan - University of LahoreKemal Lemnuro Awol - St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeCamila Ospina Ayala - Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilMartin Amogre Ayanore - University of Health and Allied SciencesMohd Yusmaidie Aziz - Universiti Sains MalaysiaAhmed Y Azzam - ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, USAZaharaddeen Shuaibu Babandi - Ahmadu Bello UniversityFatemeh Baberi - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesRasha Babiker - Physiology department, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Alkhaimah, United Arab EmiratesAbraham Samuel Babu - Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaSyed Babar Jamal Bacha - Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, PakistanAlaa Aboelnour Badran - Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, EgyptYoungoh Bae - University of UlsanAbdul Rasheed Bahar - Wayne State UniversityAwsan Abdullah Saeed Bahattab - CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyRazieh Bahreini - College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USARuhai Bai - Nanjing Children's HospitalAtif Amin Baig - University of TabukLovenish Bains - Maulana Azad Medical CollegeAlpha Umaru Bai-Sesay - Leone SpA (Italy)Mohamad Amin Bakhshali - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesShankar M Bakkannavar - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaAbdulaziz T Bako - Memorial Hermann Institute for Rehabilitation and Research FoundationPachamuthu Balakrishnan - Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and ResearchSenthilkumar Balakrishnan - Tamilnadu State Council for Science and TechnologyWondu Feyisa Balcha - Bahir Dar UniversityOvidiu Constantin Baltatu - Anhembi Morumbi UniversityBiswajit Banik - Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaAleksandra Barac - Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, SerbiaTill Winfried Bärnighausen - Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanyHiba Jawdat Barqawi - Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesCornelia Anne Barth - Bern University of Applied SciencesZarrin Basharat - Association of Local Public Health AgenciesMohammad-Mahdi Bastan - Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbdul-Monim Batiha - King Khalid UniversityKavita Batra - University of Nevada, Las VegasSamuel Debas Bayable - Bahir Dar UniversityMulat Tirfie Bayih - Bahir Dar UniversityZemenu Wube Bayleyegn - University of GondarNarasimha M Beeraka - Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RussiaDiana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez - Fundación Santa Fe de BogotáBekalu Mekonen Belay - Debre Tabor UniversityAsnake Gashaw Belayneh - Bahir Dar UniversityAminu K Bello - University of AlbertaSamiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune - BRAC UniversityKelemu Zelalem Berhanu - University of JohannesburgRobert S Bernstein - Emory UniversityNikha Bhardwaj - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurPankaj Bhardwaj - National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable DiseasesSonu Bhaskar - Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaPriyadarshini Bhattacharjee - Newcastle UniversityGurjit Kaur Bhatti - Chandigarh UniversityJasvinder Singh Bhatti - Central University of PunjabRajbir Bhatti - Guru Nanak Dev UniversityZulfiqar A Bhutta - University of TorontoSibhatu Kassa Biadgilign - Independent Consultant, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaBijit Biswas - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharMohammad Shahangir Biswas - University of Science and Technology ChittagongFassikaw Kebede Bizuneh - Woldia UniversityMicheal Kofi Boachie - SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South AfricaTrupti Bodhare - All India Institute of Medical SciencesSomayeh Bohlouli - Islamic Azad University of KermanshahLucimere Bohn - Faculty of Sport - Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, PortugalAime Bonny - University of RwandaSudipta Bose - Newcastle Business School, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaSouad Bouaoud - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifDejana Braithwaite - Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USADatonye Christopher Briggs - Rivers State UniversityOvidiu-Iulian Bunea - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesFelix Busch - Technical University of MunichReinhard Busse - Technische Universität BerlinYasser Bustanji - University of JordanZahid A Butt - University of WaterlooJack Cagney - University of WashingtonIsmael Campos-Nonato - Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoSi Cao - Third Xiangya HospitalYu Cao - Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeMate Car - Catholic University of CroatiaRosario Cárdenas - Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, MexicoAndre F Carvalho - Deakin UniversityFelix Carvalho - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, PortugalAlberico L Catapano - University of MilanPamela Roxana Chacón-Uscamaita - Universidad Científica del SurRama Mohan Chandika - Jazan UniversityMiyuru Chandradasa - University of KelaniyaViswa Chaitanya Chandu - Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Vijayawada, Vijayawada, IndiaJung-Chen Chang - National Taiwan UniversityQinghua Chang - Jinzhou Medical UniversityVijay Kumar Chattu - Tennessee State UniversityLam Duc Chau - The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonAnis Ahmad Chaudhary - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversitySirshendu Chaudhuri - ICMR National Institute of Health Research, Dibrugarh, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, IndiaAkhilanand Chaurasia - King George's Medical UniversityChe Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFentahun Alemnew Chekole - Bahir Dar UniversityHaowei Chen - Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaMingling Chen - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityYun-Jung Choi - Chung-Ang UniversityBryan Chong - Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeHitesh Chopra - Chitkara UniversityShivani Chopra - Saveetha UniversitySonali Gajanan Choudhari - Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IndiaDinh-Toi Chu - VNU International SchoolJinky Marie T Chua - Department of Public Health, Other, Tuguegarao City, PhilippinesIsaac Sunday Chukwu - Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, NigeriaSunghyun Chung - Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USAArrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero - University of BolognaFred Cohen - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJoao Conde - University of LisbonClaudia Cosma - University of FlorenceNatalia Cruz-Martins - University of MinhoAli Dabbagh - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesOmid Dadras - Center for Immigrant and Refugee Health, Public Health Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USABishal Dahal Khatri - Universitas Gadjah MadaXiaochen Dai - University of WashingtonMaxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba - University of Health and Allied SciencesMayank Dalakoti - University of CambridgeEmanuele D’Amico - University of FoggiaAnh Kim Dang - Duy Tan UniversitySamuel Demissie Darcho - Haramaya UniversityReza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani - Arak University of Medical SciencesMauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu - Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilJan-Walter De Neve - San Diego State UniversityIvan Delgado-Enciso - School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, MexicoEndalkachew Dellie - University of GondarDessalegn Demeke - Bahir Dar UniversityIsmail Dergaa - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manouba, Manouba, TunisiaNikolaos Dervenis - Royal Liverpool University HospitalMuamer Dervišević - Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis “Podhrastovi”, University Clinical Center in Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaAragaw Tesfaw Desale - Debre Tabor UniversityVinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu - Chettinad Academy of Research and EducationSyed Masudur Rahman Dewan - University of DhakaThakur Dhakal - Yeungnam UniversityRajinder K Dhamija - University of DelhiAmol S Dhane - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneSreedhar Dharmagadda - Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaMarcello Di Pumpo - Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreAdriana Dima - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesDelaney D Ding - Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAIsaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu - University of IbadanHuyen Phuc Do - VinUniversityMai Ngoc Do - Vietnam National University, HanoiMario D’Oria - University of TriesteFariba Dorostkar - Iran University of Medical SciencesOjas Prakashbhai Doshi - Independent Consultant, Bridgewater, NJ, USARobert Kokou Dowou - University of Health and Allied SciencesEmeka W Dumbili - University College DublinSenbagam Duraisamy - SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyOyewole Christopher Durojaiye - University of SheffieldAnar Dushpanova - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityEjemai Eboreime - Dalhousie UniversityIkenna D Ebuenyi - University of PittsburghAfework Edmealem - Debre Markos UniversityDavid Edvardsson - La Trobe UniversityFerry Efendi - Advanced Nursing Department, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, IndonesiaAbiodun Egwuenu - Antimicrobial Resistance - Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, NCDC, Independent Consultant, Abuja, NigeriaMichael Ekholuenetale - University of PortsmouthRabie Adel El Arab - Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaMohamed Ahmed Eladl - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesMuhammed Elhadi - University of SeoulYasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi - United Arab Emirates UniversitySalem Elkahoui - University of Ha'ilRanda Elsheikh - University of EdinburghChadi Eltaha - Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USAStanley Chinedu Eneh - Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NigeriaMajid Eslami - Semnan University of Medical SciencesFahima Nasrin Eva - University of MiamiElochukwu Ezenwankwo - Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USAAdewale Oluwaseun Fadaka - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterHeidar Fadavian - Tarbiat Modares UniversityAdeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe - University of IbadanAyesha Fahim - University of PikevilleIldar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev - Kazakh National Medical UniversityMohammad Fareed - Almaarefa UniversityAisha Farhana - Jouf UniversityLiliana Faria - University of AlgarveAndre Faro - Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, BrazilFatemeh Farshad - Tehran University of Medical SciencesFolorunso Oludayo Fasina - Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South AfricaDavood Fathi - Tarbiat Modares UniversityGinenus Fekadu - City University of Hong KongAbdullah H Feroze - Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USAPietro Ferrara - University of MilanMarta Figueiredo - European Network of Occupational Therapy in Higher Education, Vienna, AustriaSafia Firdous - Riphah International UniversityFlorian Fischer - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinFederica Fogacci - University of BolognaArtem Alekseevich Fomenkov - Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyArianna Fornari - Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaAlina-Ioana Forray - Department of Community Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaAlberto Freitas - MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalTakeshi Fukumoto - Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineNancy Fullman - University of WashingtonAdam Fusheini - University of Doha for Science and TechnologyPeter Andras Gaal - Semmelweis UniversityMuktar A Gadanya - Bayero University KanoDominic Dormenyo Gadeka - University of GhanaAnna D Gage - Harvard UniversityMárió Gajdács - University of SzegedBalasubramanian Ganesh - National Institute of EpidemiologyEzhilkugan Ganessane - Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, IndiaFernando Jr Barroga Garcia - University of the Philippines ManilaChandi Garg - University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterJacopo Garlasco - University of VeronaRupesh K Gautam - Amity UniversityTsion S Gebre - Johns Hopkins UniversityBeza A Gelaw - Johns Hopkins UniversityStefano Gelibter - Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano NiguardaJulian Lassiter Gendreau - University of PortlandKabiru Ishola Genty - Namibia University of Science and TechnologyGebremariam Wulie Geremew - University of GondarGenanew Kassie Getahun - Edith Cowan UniversityKalab Yigermal Gete - Bahir Dar UniversityMustafa Ghaderzadeh - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesFataneh Ghadirian - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesKazem Ghaffari - Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, IranLeila Ghalichi - University of BirminghamArin Ghamkhar - Research Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranAli Ghandili - Cihan University-ErbilAhmad Ghashghaee - Qazvin University of Medical SciencesSailaja Ghimire - Nepal Health Research CouncilAli Gholamrezanezhad - Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USAVaitsa Giannouli - Hellenic Open UniversityArtyom Urievich Gil - Country Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, KazakhstanSyed Abdullah Gilani - University of NizwaBikash Ranjan Giri - Department of Zoology, KKS Women’s College, Balasore, IndiaAlem Abera Girmay - Aksum UniversityMahaveer Golechha - Indian Institute of Public Health GandhinagarPouya Goleij - Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, IranDavide Golinelli - Link Campus UniversityMelika Golmohammadi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesYitayal Ayalew Goshu - Debre Tabor UniversityBarbara Niegia Garcia Goulart - Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilTulasi Govardhan - Department of Pathology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, IndiaAyman Grada - Case Western Reserve UniversityGiovanni Guarducci - Medical Directorate, Local Health Authority of Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyStefano Guicciardi - Department of the Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, ItalySheffali Gulati - All India Institute of Medical SciencesKabiru Abubakar Gulma - Euclid UniversityDamitha Asanga Gunawardane - University of PeradeniyaLei Guo - Duke Kunshan UniversityAayush Gupta - Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research CentreBhawna Gupta - Torrens University AustraliaRajeev Gupta - Department of Preventive Cardiology & Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, IndiaSapna Gupta - Shriram Institute for Industrial ResearchVijai Kumar Gupta - Dublin City UniversityRoberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo - Doctoral Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilJose Guzman-Esquivel - Research Unit in Epidemiology Clinic, Mexican Institute of Social Segurity, Colima, MexicoFarrokh Habibzadeh - Global Virus NetworkZahra Hadian - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesKhalid Rehman Rehman Hakeem - King Abdulaziz UniversityAlex Hakuzimana - Euclid UniversityPritam Halder - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchKosar Hikmat Hama Aziz - University of SulaimaniAyman M Hamdan-Mansour - The University of Jordan, The University of Jordan, Amman, JordanMohamed Hamed - King Abdulaziz UniversityParvaneh Hamian Roumiani - Azerbaijan Medical UniversitySamer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart UniversityAsif Hanif - Sakarya UniversityMohd Anul Haq - Majmaah UniversityJosep Maria Haro - Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de DéuMohammad Jahid Hasan - Department of Public Health, Tropical Disease and Health Research Center, Dhaka, BangladeshS M Mahmudul Hasan - World University of BangladeshTowhid Hasan - Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityAli Hasanpour- Dehkordi - Shahroud University of Medical SciencesArezou Hashem Zadeh - Tehran University of Medical SciencesAhmad Shoeb Hashmi - Aligarh Muslim UniversityMd Saquib Hasnain - Adamas UniversityAmr Hassan - Cairo UniversityIkrama Hassan - University Teaching HospitalMd Imtaiyaz Hassan - Jamia Millia IslamiaSimon I Hay - University of WashingtonAhmad Hayatu - Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryMohammad Heidari - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesMajid Heydari - National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Sciences Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IranThomas Kwadwo Hinneh - Johns Hopkins UniversityYuta Hiraike - Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanRamesh Holla - Kasturba Medical College, MangaloreYu Hong - University of EdinburghMehdi Hoseinzadeh - Duy Tan UniversityLubna Hossain - International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchMd Mahbub Hossain - University of HoustonMohammad Bellal Hossain - University of DhakaMihaela Hostiuc - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacySorin Hostiuc - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyGuoqing Hu - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaJunjie Huang - Chinese University of Hong KongYongsong Huang - Tohoku UniversityAyesha Humayun - Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical InstituteJavid Hussain - University of NizwaOlayemi Joshua Ibidoja - Federal University GusauAminu Alhassan Ibrahim - Tishk International UniversityUmar Idris Ibrahim - Sultan Zainal Abidin UniversityAnel Ibrayeva - Kazakh National Medical UniversityPulwasha Maria Iftikhar - Health Policy and Management Department, City University of New York, New York, NY, USAAqsa Ikram - University of LahoreJibran Ikram - Cleveland ClinicOlayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, NigeriaIrena M Ilic - University of BelgradeMilena D Ilic - University of KragujevacMohammad Tarique Imam - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityArit Inok - University of ExeterMeesha Iqbal - Management Policy and Community Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USAMujahid Iqbal - Wuhan UniversityUsman Iqbal - Bond UniversityLalu Muhammad Irham - Universitas Ahmad DahlanFahrul Islam - Poltekkes Kemenkes MamujuMd Rabiul Islam - BRAC UniversityMd Sahidul Islam - Research and Publication Department, World Health Organization (WHO), Dhaka, BangladeshMd Shahinul Islam - Department of Public Health, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka, BangladeshNahlah Elkudssiah Ismail - AIMST UniversityGaetano Isola - University of CataniaYussif Issaka - Bridgeport HospitalMasao Iwagami - University of TsukubaChidozie Declan Iwu - University of WashingtonJaison Jacob - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhubaneswarLouis Jacob - Université Paris CitéUdeme Samuel Jacob - University of IbadanAli Jadidi - Arak University of Medical SciencesShabbar Jaffar - University of LondonNader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesHaitham Jahrami - Arabian Gulf UniversityMihajlo Jakovljevic - UNESCOReza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh - Islamic Azad University, TehranArmaan Jamal - University of ChicagoAnju James - Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, IndiaJerin James - SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreMasoud Jamshidi - Royal Prince Alfred HospitalRajiv Janardhanan - SRIMu’taman Jarrar - Al-Hussein Bin Talal UniversityKrishna Mahendrabhai Jasani - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RajkotTalha Jawaid - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversitySathish Kumar Jayapal - The Medical City for Military and Security Services School, Muscat, OmanShubha Jayaram - Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, IndiaYovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe - Cephas Health Research InitiativeJae Joon Jeon - Yonsei UniversitySeogsong Jeong - University of SeoulWorku Jimma - Jimma UniversityMohammad Jokar - University of CalgaryJobinse Jose - Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Thrissur, IndiaAkaninyene Paul Joseph - UNSW CanberraNitin Joseph - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaCharity Ehimwenma Joshua - Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, NigeriaFarahnaz Joukar - Guilan University of Medical SciencesJacek Jerzy Jozwiak - University of OpoleSang-Hyuk Jung - Kangwon National UniversityMalik E Juweid - University of JordanHema Shree K - Saveetha UniversityDler Hussein Kadir - Salahaddin University-ErbilAdel Kadri - Al Baha UniversityAshish Kumar Kakkar - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchKhalil Kalavani - Department of Health, Khoy Medical Sciences, Khoy, IranFeroze Kaliyadan - Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, IndiaAidana Kaliyakparova - Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Almaty, KazakhstanSanjay Kalra - Chandigarh UniversityRajesh Kamath - Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaRamat T Kamorudeen - Elderwood Rehabilitation Clinical Centre, Buffalo, NY, USAHesam Kamyab - The KU-KIST Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, South KoreaJiseung Kang - University of SeoulKehinde Kazeem Kanmodi - Cephas Health Research InitiativeRami S Kantar - The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USAMehrdad Karajizadeh - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesPaschalis Karakasis - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiJafar Karami - Laboratory Science Department, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, IranMarina Karanikolos - European Observatory on Health Systems and PoliciesMohmed Isaqali Karobari - Saveetha UniversityFaizan Zaffar Kashoo - Majmaah UniversityNehemia I Kassa - Department of Surgery, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaNicholas J Kassebaum - University of WashingtonKanica Kaushal - Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesFoad Kazemi - Johns Hopkins UniversityVikash Ranjan Keshri - School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaAïmen Khacharem - Qatar UniversityYousef Saleh Khader - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyHimanshu Khajuria - Amity UniversityAsaad Khalid - Jazan UniversityAnees Ahmed Khalil - University of LahoreAjmal Khan - University of NizwaFaiz Ullah Khan - Peking UniversityIqra Hamid Khan - University of LahoreMD Sazzad Khan - University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleMohd Faheem Khan - M.J.P. Rohilkhand UniversityMuhammad Arslan Khan - Minhaj University LahoreMuhammad Umer Khan - University of LahoreRamsha Mushtaq Khan - King Edward Medical UniversitySerab Khan - International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesSumaiya Khan - Jamia Millia IslamiaYusuf Saleem Khan - University of Ha'ilZahid Khan - University of South WalesSameer Uttamaro Khasbage - All India Institute of Medical Sciences RaipurKhaled Khatab - Sheffield Hallam UniversityHaitham Khatatbeh - Yarmouk UniversityMoawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh - Yarmouk UniversityHamid Reza Khayat Kashani - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAfshin Khazaei - Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, IranKhalid A Kheirallah - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyZahra Khorrami - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesParisa Khoshvaght - Duy Tan UniversityMahmood Khosrowjerdi - University of Inland NorwayJinho Kim - University of SeoulKwanghyun Kim - Creighton UniversityMin Seo Kim - Broad InstituteRuth W Kimokoti - Health and Healing Research, Education, and Service, Inc., Boston, MA, USAAdnan Kisa - Høyskolen KristianiaShivakumar KM Kondlahalli - Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Karad, IndiaSonali Kochhar - University of WashingtonPrakash Babu Kodali - Central University of KeralaMichail Kokkorakis - University of New HavenAli-Asghar Kolahi - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesFarzad Kompani - Tehran University of Medical SciencesTapos Kormoker - Education University of Hong KongOleksii Korzh - Kharkiv National Medical UniversityMichal Koscik - Masaryk UniversityArchana Koul - Amity UniversitySindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana - Kasturba Medical College, ManipalArthi S Kozhumam - Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USAIrene Akwo Kretchy - University of GhanaKewal Krishan - Panjab UniversityBindu Krishnan - Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IndiaMohammed Kuddus - University of Ha'ilShikha Kukreti - National Cheng Kung UniversityMukhtar Kulimbet - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityEmmanuel Kumah - University of Education, WinnebaChandan Kumar - Amity UniversityDewesh Kumar - Rajendra Institute of Medical SciencesKamal Kumar - Department of Mathematics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, IndiaLaksh Kumar - Dow University of Health SciencesManasi Kumar - Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, USAMukesh Kumar - Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung HospitalNitesh Kumar - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Hajipur, IndiaPradeep Kumar - University of the WitwatersrandRakesh Kumar - University of Ha'ilSandeep Kumar - Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary UniversitySanjeet Kumar - Dow University of Health SciencesVijay Kumar - Manipal University JaipurSenthil Kumaran D - Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaSatyajit Kundu - Griffith UniversityJibin Kunjavara - Hamad Medical CorporationAlmagul Kurmanova - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityDonata Kurpas - Wroclaw Medical UniversityChristina Yeni Kustanti - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bethesda YakkumDian Kusuma - Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyTezer Kutluk - Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medicana Health International, Istanbul, TürkiyeAssylkhan Kuttybayev - Kazakh National Medical UniversityMichael Agyemang Kwarteng - University of HuddersfieldVille Kytö - Turku University HospitalMuhammad Awwal Ladan - Bayero University KanoDesireé Alexa LaGrappe - La Trobe UniversityChandrakant Lahariya - Synthesis Corporation (Japan)Daphne Teck Ching Lai - School of Digital Science, (University of Brunei Darussalam) (Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, BruneiHanpeng Lai - Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDharmesh Kumar Lal - Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaJudit Lám - Semmelweis UniversityAriane Laplante-Lévesque - Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, SwedenAnders O Larsson - Uppsala UniversitySavita Lasrado - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, IndiaAreeba Latif - University of Management and Technology, Lahore, PakistanBasira Kankia Lawal - Kaduna State UniversityEilean Rathinasamy Lazarus - Sultan Qaboos UniversityCaterina Ledda - University of CataniaMunjae Lee - Yonsei UniversitySergey Vadimovich Lee - Kazakh National Medical UniversitySeung Won Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversityWei-Chen Lee - Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAYo Han Lee - University of SeoulVasileios Leivaditis - Westpfalz KlinikumFrancesco Leonforte - Department of Integrated Hygiene, Organizational, and Service Activities, AOU Polyclinc “G.Rodolico-San Marco” Catania, Catania, ItalyChengfeng Li - Edith Cowan UniversityHonghong Li - Stockholm UniversityMing-Chieh Li - National Taiwan Normal UniversityShaojie Li - Peking UniversityVirendra S Ligade - Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaJialing Lin - International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaJue Liu - Peking UniversityXianliang Liu - Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityZihao Liu - School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaMadeeha Shahzad Lodhi - University of LahoreNiroshan Chandrajith Lokunarangoda - University of MoratuwaJaifred Christian F Lopez - Duke UniversityJosé Francisco López-Gil - Universidad Espíritu SantoArianna Maever Loreche - University of the Philippines ManilaMasoud Lotfizadeh - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesSurbala Devi Lourembam - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyGiancarlo Lucchetti - föra forest technologies (Spain)Hengliang Lv - Department of Epidemiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMiltiadis D Lytras - Effat UniversityEllina Lytvyak - University of AlbertaHawraz Ibrahim M Amin - Tishk International UniversityKevin Sheng-Kai Ma - University of PennsylvaniaMonika Machoy-Rakoczy - Pomeranian Medical UniversitySamatar Abshir Mahamed - Jigjiga UniversityNozad Hussein Mahmood - Research Center, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, IraqShakeel Ahmed Ibne Mahmood - Charles Sturt UniversityKafayat Mahmoud - Arizona State UniversityHao Xuan Mai - Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet NamGhaseb Naser Makhadmeh - Al al-Bayt UniversityIrsa Fatima Makhdoom - University of SargodhaAhmad Azam Malik - King Abdulaziz UniversityKamaruddeen Mannethodi - Hamad Medical CorporationMarjan Mansourian - Isfahan University of Medical SciencesTahir Maqbool - University of LahoreHamed Markazi Moghadam - Leibniz University HannoverAdolfo Martinez-Valle - Health, Policy and Population Research Center (CIPPS), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoJ Jenifer Florence Mary - SRIRoy Rillera Marzo - Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, MalaysiaSammer Marzouk - Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USAYasith Mathangasinghe - Monash UniversityManu Raj Mathur - Public Health Foundation of IndiaNeeta Mathur - Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, IndiaFernanda Penido Matozinhos - Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilKhurshid A Mattoo - Jazan UniversityRichard James Maude - Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitSuleiman Mayaki - Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineMaryam Mazaheri - Dezful University of Medical SciencesMartin McKee - London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineSteven M McPhail - Queensland University of TechnologyRavi Mehrotra - Centre for Health Innovation and Policy, Noida, IndiaVini Mehta - D.Y. Patil UniversityTadesse Belayneh Melkie - University of GondarZiad Ahmed Memish - Alfaisal UniversityGodfred Antony Menezes - Saint Vincent Health SystemEmiru Ayalew Mengistie - Bahir Dar UniversityLeweyehu Alemaw Mengstie - Debre Berhan UniversityAtte Meretoja - Helsinki University HospitalTuomo J Meretoja - Helsinki University HospitalGiovanni Merlino - University of UdineMuayad Aghali Merza - Nawroz UniversityTomislav Mestrovic - University of WashingtonChamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda - University of KelaniyaSachith Mettananda - University of KelaniyaMohamed M M Metwally - Zagazig UniversitySandrine Donfack D Mewoabi - University of BueaMuhammad Agus Mikrajab - Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor District, IndonesiaGiuseppe Minervini - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Wai-Kit Ming - City University of Hong KongG K Mini - Saveetha UniversityAndreea Mirica - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesErkin M Mirrakhimov - Kyrgyz State Medical AcademyVinaytosh Mishra - Gulf Medical UniversityChaitanya Mittal - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PatnaDhruti Modi - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyMona Gamal Mohamed - RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medicak and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesNouh Saad Mohamed - SiriusKhabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed - University of KhartoumTaj Mohammad - All India Institute of Medical SciencesSakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesOmer Mohammed - Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kozhikode, IndiaShafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanySyam Mohan - Saveetha UniversityYugal Kishore Mohanta - University of Science and Technology, MeghalayaSiba Sankar Mohanty - Utkal UniversityAli H Mokdad - University of WashingtonTJ Robinson T Moncatar - University of the Philippines ManilaHimel Mondal - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharMohammad Ali Moni - Charles Sturt UniversityMarco Montalti - Department of Collective Prevention and Public Health, General Directorate for Personal Care, Health, and Welfare, Bologna, ItalyMohammad Moradi-Joo - Yasuj University of Medical SciencesDanilo Farias Morais - Department of Health Sciences (Ph.D. Program), Institute for Medical Assistance to State Public Servants, São Paulo, BrazilShane Douglas Morrison - University of Washington Medical CenterReza Mosaddeghi Heris - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesFreiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera - Universidad Santiago de CaliElias Mossialos - London School of Economics and Political ScienceKimia Mozahheb Yousefi - Iran University of Medical SciencesNicollas Mozart Vieira - Nutrology Fellowship, Nutrology Academy, São Paulo, BrazilMatías Mrejen - René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, BrazilRabia Mubarak - PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, PakistanSumaira Mubarik - University of GroningenJibran Sualeh Muhammad - University of BirminghamAmartya Mukhopadhyay - Department of Medicine, Integrated Medicine Programme, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, SingaporeJoshua Kanaabi Muliira - Sultan Qaboos UniversityFrancesk Mulita - General University Hospital of PatrasKavita Munjal - Amity UniversitySani Musa - Ahmadu Bello UniversityDavid Musoke - Makerere UniversityGhulam Mustafa - Shaqra UniversityMubarak Taiwo Mustapha - Business Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, University of Texas, Richardson, TX, USASathish Muthu - Orthopaedic Research GroupClaude Mambo Muvunyi - Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, RwandaLutfi Muzaqi - Department of Public Health, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, IndonesiaWoojae Myung - Seoul National UniversityAyoub Nafei - Elderly Health Research CenterMobin Naghshbandi - Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesHiten Naik - University of British ColumbiaFirzan Nainu - Hasanuddin UniversityHastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen - College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, IraqNoureddin Nakhostin Ansari - Tehran University of Medical SciencesGopal Nambi - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAbdulqadir J Nashwan - Hamad Medical CorporationMahmoud Nassar - University of VermontSamidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna - University of PeradeniyaBiswa Prakash Nayak - Amity UniversityKinjal Nayak - Kent State UniversityVinod C Nayak - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaJavad Nazari - Arak University of Medical SciencesMojdeh Nazari - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesIonut Negoi - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyRuxandra Irina Negoi - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyAlina Gabriela Negru - Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, RomaniaChakib Nejjari - Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fez, MoroccoNikita Nekliudov - University of WashingtonCuong Tat Nguyen - Duy Tan UniversityHien Thu Nguyen - Duy Tan UniversityHuong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan UniversityTham Thi Nguyen - International Institute of Training and Research (INSTAR), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (UMP-VNU), Hanoi, Viet NamTrang Nguyen - VNU University of Medicine and PharmacyYeshambel T Nigatu - Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthAli Nikoobar - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShuhei Nomura - Tohoku UniversityMamoona Noreen - The Women University MultanEmira Noumi - University of Ha'ilMohammed Noushad - Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaChisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi - Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityFred Nugen - Mayo ClinicBogdan Oancea - University of BucharestAkinyemi O D Ofakunrin - University of JosOluwakemi Christie Ogidan - Ekiti State UniversityAyomide Samuel Ogunrinde - East Carolina UniversityOlusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin - Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-OrangunOlalekan John Okesanya - Daffodil International UniversityOsaretin Christabel Okonji - University of the Western CapeJohn Olayemi Okunlola - University of JohannesburgOluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi - Bowen UniversityMusa Kolapo Oladejo - King Saud UniversityAndrew T Olagunju - McMaster UniversityOladotun Victor Olalusi - University College Hospital, IbadanAbimbola Olaniran - Royal Tropical InstituteGláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira - Cardiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAbdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba - Ahmadu Bello UniversityBolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Centre for Healthy Start InitiativeOluwafemi G Oluwole - Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityAhmed Omar Bali - Duy Tan UniversityObinna E Onwujekwe - University of NigeriaAksoltan Shyhdurdyevna Oradova - Kazakh National Medical UniversityMichal Ordak - Medical University of Bialystok (Poland, Bialystok)Verner N Orish - University of Health and Allied SciencesAtakan Orscelik - University of California, San FranciscoEsteban Ortiz-Prado - One Health Research Group, Universidad De Las Américas, Quito, EcuadorGodwin Osawaru Osaigbovo - University of JosAugustus Osborne - Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra LeoneGeorge Nkrumah Osei - University of Cape CoastGodfred Otchere - University of OtagoAdrian Otoiu - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesJerry John Ouner - University of California, San FranciscoAmel Ouyahia - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifSimon Øverland - University of BergenMayowa O Owolabi - University of IbadanOladayo Ayobami Oyebanji - Case Western Reserve UniversityKehinde Adewole Oyeniran - Department of Biological Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education Science & Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, NigeriaIlker Ozsahin - Near East UniversityJagadish Rao Padubidri - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, IndiaVijayakumar Palaniswamy - Srinivas UniversityTamás Palicz - Semmelweis UniversityAdrian Pana - Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and PharmacySujogya Kumar Panda - Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaBipindra Pandey - Madan Bhandari Academy of Health SciencesPrateek Pandya - Amity UniversitySanta Maria Pangaribuan - Krida Wacana Christian UniversityAnca Pantea Stoian - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyIlias Papadimopoulos - University of BolognaShahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin UniversityRomil R Parikh - University of MinnesotaChulwoo Park - University of Maryland, Baltimore CountyArpit Parmar - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhubaneswarMaja Pasovic - University of WashingtonRoberto Passera - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, ItalyMitesh Patel - Marwadi UniversityNeel Navinkumar Patel - University of Tennessee at KnoxvilleShankargouda Patil - Roseman University of Health SciencesDimitrios Patoulias - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiApurba Patra - All India Institute of Medical SciencesSnigdha Pattnaik - Department of Community Medicine, Mallareddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, IndiaUttam Paudel - Nepal Health Research CouncilShrikant Pawar - University of New HavenHamidreza Pazoki Toroudi - Iran University of Medical SciencesPaolo Pedersini - Mylan (South Africa)Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito - Ateneo de Manila UniversityPrince Peprah - Macquarie UniversityMaria Odete Pereira - Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilMario F P Peres - Universidade de São PauloSimone Perna - University of MilanOlumuyiwa James Peter - University of Medical Sciences, OndoTung Thanh Pham - VinUniversityMichael R Phillips - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityZahra Zahid Piracha - Széchenyi István UniversityEdoardo Pirera - Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (PROMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyMapa M Prabhath N Piyasena - Anglia Ruskin UniversityEvgenii Plotnikov - Tomsk National Research Medical CenterDimitri Poddighe - VinUniversityIon Popa - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesFabio Porru - Erasmus MCSajjad Pourasghary - Urmia University of Medical SciencesMohsen Poursadeqiyan - Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, IranManya Prasad - Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesAkila Prashant - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchElton Junio Sady Prates - Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilHarsh Priya - All India Institute of Medical SciencesNicola Riccardo Pugliese - University of PisaJagadeesh Puvvula - University of PennsylvaniaMuhammad Usman Qamar - Government College University, FaisalabadNameer Hashim Qasim - University of BaghdadXiang Qi - Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USANavid Rabiee - Saveetha UniversityReza Rabiei - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesVenkatraman Radhakrishnan - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, IndiaPracheth Raghuveer - National Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesSajjad Rahimi - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IranAfarin Rahimi-Movaghar - Tehran University of Medical SciencesVafa Rahimi-Movaghar - Tehran University of Medical SciencesFirman Suryadi Rahman - Department of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, IndonesiaFryad Majeed Rahman - College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, IraqMahbubur Rahman - Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and ResearchMosiur Rahman - University of RajshahiMuhammad Aziz Rahman - Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, AustraliaPramila Rai - Monash UniversityAdarsh Raja - Dow University of Health SciencesRamya Raja Reddy - PHYSIOLOGY, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, IndiaJudah Rajendran - Cleveland ClinicKairolla Dyusenbayevich Rakhimov - Kazakh National Medical UniversityRafał Rakoczy - West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinShakthi Kumaran Ramasamy - Stanford UniversityPramod W Ramteke - Hislop CollegeLokesh Rana - All India Institute of Medical SciencesNemanja Rancic - Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, SerbiaManjula Rangappa - Rajiv Gandhi UniversityMagesh Rangasamy - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchChythra R Rao - Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaKumuda Rao - Nitte UniversityMithun Rao - Kasturba Medical College, MangaloreSowmya J Rao - Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, IndiaDevarajan Rathish - Rajarata University of Sri LankaJigyasa Rathore - Amity UniversityRamin Ravangard - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesRashita Ravi - Department of Public health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, IndiaRenju Ravi - Jazan UniversityDavid Laith Rawaf - Imperial College LondonSalman Rawaf - Imperial College LondonLal Rawal - School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaRamu Rawat - International Institute for Population SciencesAyita Ray - University of KentuckyMuhammad Liaquat Raza - King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesBahman Razi - North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesC Mahony Reategui-Rivera - Universidad Científica del SurNajeeb Ur Rehman - Kohat University of Science and TechnologyLennart Reifels - Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBhagwan Narayan Rekadwad - Yenepoya UniversitySerge Resnikoff - School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaStefano Restaino - Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli CentraleLuis Felipe Reyes - Universidad de La SabanaNazila Rezaei - Tehran University of Medical SciencesNima Rezaei - Tehran University of Medical SciencesMohsen Rezaeian - Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesMuhammad Riaz - Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, SheringalJennifer Rickard - University of MinnesotaSyed Mohd Danish Rizvi - University of Ha'ilJefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaLeonardo Roever - Universidade de São PauloRavi Rohilla - Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, IndiaMoustaq Karim Khan Rony - Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, BangladeshKevin T Root - College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAHimanshu Sekhar Rout - Utkal UniversityAdrija Roy - Department of Community Medicine, RVM Medical College and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Hyderabad, IndiaGaurav Kumar Roy - Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, IndiaSharmistha Roy - New Mexico State UniversityGodfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera - Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesChandan S N - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchAly M A Saad - Zagazig UniversityKorosh Saber - Isfahan University of Medical SciencesSiamak Sabour - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesBashdar Abuzed Sadee - Salahaddin University-ErbilFatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesHossein Sadr - Iran University of Medical SciencesMohammad Reza Saeb - University of GdańskUmar Saeed - Széchenyi István UniversityMaryam Saeedi - Saveh University of Medical SciencesSahar Saeedi Moghaddam - Kiel Institute for the World EconomyMuhammad Safiullah - King Edward Medical UniversityRajesh Sagar - All India Institute of Medical SciencesAmene Saghazadeh - Tehran University of Medical SciencesIndranil Saha - Department of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Kolkata, IndiaFatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari - Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesNarjes Saheb Sharif-Askari - Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesVaibhav Sahni - All India Institute of Medical SciencesAmbika Sahoo - Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, IndiaKirti Sundar Sahu - Canadian Red Cross SocietyS Mohammad Sajadi - Al-Hadba UniversityMirza Rizwan Sajid - University of GujratJoseph W Sakshaug - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenAfeez Abolarinwa Salami - University College Hospital, IbadanBukola Salami - University of CalgarySamreen Saleem - Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanMohamed A Saleh - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesAanuoluwa James Salemcity - University of Medical Sciences, OndoPegah Salimi Pormehr - Tehran University of Medical SciencesGiovanni A Salum - Child Mind InstituteHossein Samadi Kafil - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesJanmejaya Samal - SRIAbdallah M Samy - Ain Shams UniversityElaheh Sanjari - Tehran University of Medical SciencesSathish Sankar - Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, IndiaLucas H C C Santos - Universidade de São PauloMilena M Santric-Milicevic - University of BelgradeMalik Adebayo Sanusi - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NigeriaSivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy - Independent Consultant, Thiruvananthapuram, IndiaYaser Sarikhani - Jahrom University of Medical SciencesHemen Sarma - Bodoland UniversityMohammad Sarmadi - Queensland University of TechnologyGargi Sachin Sarode - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneSachin C Sarode - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneMichele Sassano - University of BolognaMukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan - Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, IndiaMaheswar Satpathy - Utkal UniversityAmar Saurabh - Carnegie Mellon UniversitySangeeta Gopal Saxena - Coastal Carolina UniversityYaser Sayadi - Farhangian UniversityAhmed M Sayed - Purdue University West LafayetteChristophe Schinckus - Universidad ESAN, Universidad ESAN, Lima, PeruSoraya Seedat - University of Cape TownDurairaj Sekar - Saveetha UniversityChandrabose Selvaraj - AMET UniversitySiddharthan Selvaraj - University of PuthisastraYuliya Semenova - Nazarbayev UniversityFikadu Waltengus Sendeku - Bahir Dar UniversitySubramanian Senthilkumaran - EMERGENCYSadaf G Sepanlou - Tehran University of Medical SciencesEdson Serván-Mori - Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoFrancesco Sessa - Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Faculty of Human Sciences, Education, and Sports, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, ItalyYashendra Sethi - Swami Vivekanand Subharti UniversityAbubakar Sha’aban - Cardiff UniversityShipraa Arpan Shah - Charotar University of Science and TechnologySweni Shah - Rita A. Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, The Charutar Vidya Mandal(CVM) University, Anand, IndiaMuhammad Shahab - Guangdong Medical CollegeSamiah Shahid - University of LahoreWajeehah Shahid - University of LahoreEndrit Shahini - National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, ItalyFarshad Shahkarami - Tehran University of Medical SciencesAli Shahriari - Department of Transitional Residency, Lakeland Regional Health, lakeland, FL, USAMoyad Jamal Shahwan - Ajman UniversityBabar Tasneem Shaikh - School of Public health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanMasood Ali Shaikh - Independent Consultant, Karachi, PakistanAli Shakerimoghaddam - Neyshabur University of Medical SciencesAlfiya Shamsutdinova - Kazakh National Medical UniversityDan Shan - Lancaster University, Lancaster, EnglandMohd Shanawaz - Jazan UniversityNadim Sharif - University of VermontAmin Sharifan - Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, AustriaProf Fariborz Sharifian Jazi - University of GeorgiaAvimanu Sharma - Amity University JaipurBhoopesh Kumar Sharma - Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary UniversityJyoti Sharma - Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotas University, Greater Noida, IndiaKamal Sharma - B.J. Medical CollegeKamlesh Sharma - Karunya UniversityManoj Sharma - University of Nevada, Las VegasVishal Sharma - Panjab UniversityRamzi Shawahna - An-Najah National UniversityAnas Shehadeh - American University of the Middle EastSomia Shehzadi - University of LahoreAli Sheidaei - Tehran University of Medical SciencesRekha Raghuveer Shenoy - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationSuchitra M Shenoy - Kasturba Medical College, MangaloreSamendra P Sherchan - Morgan State UniversityMahabalesh Shetty - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesPavanchand Shetty - Nitte UniversityPremalatha K Shetty - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMuhammad J A Shiddiky - Charles Sturt UniversityTariku Shimels - Millennium Engineering and Integration (United States)Md Monir Hossain Shimul - Daffodil International UniversityPriyanka Arun Shirali - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationShirindokht Shirazi - Boston UniversityAminu Shittu - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityKm Shivangi - Gautam Buddha UniversityAzad Shokri - Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSina Shool - Tehran University of Medical SciencesSeyed Afshin Shorofi - Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSunil Shrestha - Kathmandu Cancer CenterSuleiman Adeiza Shuaibu - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityAkhenaten Benjamin Siankam Tankwanchi - University of WashingtonNegussie Boti Sidamo - Arba Minch UniversityEmmanuel Edwar Siddig - University of KhartoumArif J Siddiqui - University of Ha'ilGustavo Correia Basto da Silva - Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilPadam Prasad Simkhada - University of ChesterDavid Larbi Simpong - University of Cape CoastColin R Simpson - Victoria University of WellingtonAbhinav Singh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhopalBaljinder Singh - Central University of PunjabBhoopendra Singh - Rajendra Institute of Medical SciencesBrij Pal Singh - Chandigarh UniversityHarmanjit Singh - Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, IndiaJasvinder A Singh - Baylor College of MedicineJawahar Singh - All India Institute of Medical SciencesMayank Singh - All India Institute of Medical SciencesPuneetpal Singh - Punjabi UniversityShilpy Singh - Noida International UniversitySiddharth Singh - Indian Institute of Technology IndoreMukesh Kumar Sinha - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationRatnesh Sinha - ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Ranchi, IndiaGisha Sivan - SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreNatia Skhvitaridze - University of GeorgiaValentin Yurievich Skryabin - Royal College of PsychiatristsMejdi Snoussi - University of Ha'ilFarrukh Sobia - Jazan UniversityMd Salman Sohel - Daffodil International UniversitySolikhah Solikhah - Universitas Ahmad DahlanJukun Song - Guiyang Medical UniversityMichael Spartalis - National and Kapodistrian University of AthensLokasani Vijaya Sree - Department of Health, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IndiaChandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy - University of Kuala LumpurShyamkumar Sriram - College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USAPanagiotis Stachteas - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiSimona Cătălina Ștefan - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBrendon Stubbs - Medical University of ViennaPeter Stubbs - University of Technology SydneyChen-Yang Su - McGill UniversityOmer Subasi - Massachusetts General HospitalVetriselvan Subramaniyan - Sunway UniversityAswin Sugunan - SRIMahwish Suhaib - Hospital Administration, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IndiaOksana Sulaieva - Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, UkraineSahabi K Sulaiman - Yobe State UniversityMark J M Sullman - University of NicosiaYan Sun - Maastricht UniversityZhong Sun - Kunming Medical UniversityThanigaivel Sundaram - SRIDavid Sunkersing - University College LondonChandan Kumar Swain - Utkal UniversityShreya P Swami - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyLukasz Szarpak - John Paul II Catholic University of LublinPayam Tabaee Damavandi - Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, SwitzerlandRafael Tabarés-Seisdedos - Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainSeyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh - Islamic Azad University, MashhadShima Tabatabai - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesRamin Tabibi - Abadan University of Medical SciencesMohd Tabish - Mangalayatan UniversityBiniyam Beyene Tabor - Philadelphia UniversityZanan Mohammed-Ameen Taha - University of DuhokNiloofar Taheri - Stanford UniversityJabeen Taiba - University of Nebraska Medical CenterMircea Tampa - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyJianye Tan - Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaKer-Kan Tan - Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeBaimakhan Tanabayev - South Kazakhstan Medical AcademyDariga Tanabayeva - University of British ColumbiaShynar Tanabayeva - Kazakh National Medical UniversityShenglan Tang - Duke Kunshan UniversityEkamol Tantisattamo - University of California, IrvineMohsan Tanveer - Foundation University IslamabadHongliang Tao - Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaAnika Tasnim - Bangladesh Medical UniversityNathan Y Tat - Taking Our Best Shot, Houston, TX, USAVivian Y Tat - Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, USAAigul Yelgondiyevna Tazhiyeva - Kazakh National Medical UniversityMohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud UniversityWegen Beyene Tesfamariam - Mekelle UniversityAzimeraw Arega Tesfu - Bahir Dar UniversityPugazhenthan Thangaraju - All India Institute of Medical Sciences RaipurKavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamIsmaeel Tharwat - American University in CairoRasiah Thayakaran - University of BirminghamJeevarathinam Thirumalai - Saveetha UniversityMuthu Thiruvengadam - Konkuk UniversityRekha Thiruvengadam - Saveetha UniversityJansje Henny Vera Ticoalu - Faculty of Public HealthMariya Vladimirovna Titova - Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyVikas Kumar Tiwari - All India Institute of Medical SciencesMadi Tleshev - Kazakh National Medical UniversitySanto Imanuel Tonapa - Kaohsiung Medical UniversityRoman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian UniversityStephanie M Topp - James Cook UniversityMarcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - Saveetha UniversityQuynh Thuy Huong Tran - Kansai Medical UniversityThang Huu Tran - University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityNguyen Tran Minh Duc - Research and Advocacy Initiative, ALS Vietnam, Quang Ngai, Viet NamDomenico Trico - University of PisaQuynh Xuan Nguyen Truong - College of Health Science, Vin University, Hanoi, Viet NamGary Tse - Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityVasilis-Spyridon Tseriotis - Aristotle University of ThessalonikiEvangelia Tsermpini - Stanford UniversityLorainne Tudor Car - King's College LondonAtta Ullah - University of NizwaRiaz Ullah - Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi/ Islamabad, PakistanSaeed Ullah - University of KarachiShehu Salihu Umar - Ahmadu Bello UniversityEra Upadhyay - Amity University JaipurJibrin Sammani Usman - Bayero University KanoDilber Uzun Ozsahin - Near East UniversityHande Uzunçıbuk - Department of Orthodontics, University of Trakya, Edirne, TürkiyePascual R Valdez - Sociedad Argentina de Medicina, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSven Vanneste - Trinity College DublinJoe Varghese - Jazan UniversitySantosh Varughese - Christian Medical CollegeTommi Juhani Vasankari - Urho Kaleva Kekkonen InstituteAnoop Velayudhan - Department of Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaBalachandar Vellingiri - Central University of PunjabU Venkatesh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences GorakhpurNarayanaswamy Venketasubramanian - Raffles UniversityDavid Villarreal-Zegarra - Digital Health Research Center, Digital Health S.A., Lima, PeruTuan Vinh - University of OxfordLuciano Magalhães Vitorino - Faculty of Medicine of Itajubá -FMIT, Itajubá, BrazilVasily Vlassov - Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, RussiaAve Voit - University of TartuSimona Ruxandra Volovat - Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Iaşi, RomaniaLinh Vu - VNU University of Medicine and PharmacyYasir Waheed - Near East UniversityEthan Waisberg - University of CambridgeEric Lee Wan - Georgetown UniversityJin-Yi Wan - School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaHaozhen Wang - Stomatological Hospital, Military Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaShaopan Wang - Xiamen UniversityShu Wang - Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaWanzhou Wang - Peking UniversityWei Wang - School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, ChinaXuequan Wang - Enze Medical Health Academy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, ChinaYan Wang - Zhengzhou UniversityYanzhong Wang - King's College LondonYouxin Wang - Peking UniversityMary Njeri Wanjau - Griffith UniversityPaul R Ward - School of Society and Culture, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaWesley Warriner - University of WashingtonToyiba Hiyaru Wassie - Bahir Dar UniversityAnggi Lukman Wicaksana - Universitas Gadjah MadaNuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe - Rajarata University of Sri LankaSamuel Wiebe - University of CalgaryAngga Wilandika - Universitas 'Aisyiyah BandungMartin Wiredu Agyekum - University of GhanaAxel Walter Wolf - University of GothenburgZhijia Xia - Chongqing Medical UniversityWanqing Xie - Anhui Medical UniversitySaba Yahoo - Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, IndiaHaibo Yang - Linyi People's HospitalYuichiro Yano - Juntendo UniversityHaiqiang Yao - School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaHaya Khader Ahmad Yasin - College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Other, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesYuichi Yasufuku - The University of OsakaSanni Yaya - The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, EnglandKuanysh A Yergaliyev - SDU University, Astana, KazakhstanSubah Abderehim Yesuf - St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeSaber Yezli - Innovation and Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaXinglin Yi - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Military Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDehui Yin - Department of Epidemiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, ChinaYulai Yin - Nankai UniversityYazachew Engida Yismaw - Bahir Dar UniversityDong Keon Yon - Kyung Hee UniversityNaohiro Yonemoto - University of ToyamaMustafa Younis - Jackson State UniversityHairui Yu - University of AlabamaYong Yu - Hubei University of MedicineQuan Yuan - Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityGhazala Yunus - University of Ha'ilSiddhesh Zadey - Association for Socially Applicable ResearchManijeh Zaghampour - Islamic Azad University, TehranDilmurat Zairov - Kazakhstan-Russian Medical UniversityNelson Zamora - Universidad Católica Boliviana San PabloAurora Zanghì - University of FoggiaKourosh Zarea - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhmad Zarei - Gonabad University of Medical SciencesMichael Zastrozhin - University of California, San FranciscoSaad Zbiri - Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, MoroccoMohammed G M Zeariya - University of Ha'ilZahra Zeinali - University of WashingtonRuba A Zenati - University of SharjahEyael M Zeru - Johns Hopkins UniversityJulio Min Fei Zhang - Columbia UniversityChenyu Zhao - School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UKYingxi Zhao - University of OxfordJinxin Zheng - Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAnthony Zhong - Harvard UniversityHao Zhou - Zhejiang UniversityBin Zhu - School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, ChinaZhaohua Zhu - Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaAbzal Zhumagaliuly - Kazakh National Medical UniversityMohamed Ali Zoromba - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlimuddin Zumla - University College LondonAhed H Zyoud - An-Najah National UniversitySa’ed H Zyoud - An-Najah National UniversityShaher H Zyoud - Palestine Technical University - KadoorieEnis Baris - World BankRafael Lozano - University of WashingtonChristopher J L Murray - University of WashingtonAnnie Haakenstad - University of WashingtonGBD 2023 Human Resources for Health Collaborators
- Publication Details
- The Lancet. Public health, v 11(9), pp e604-e629
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 26
- Grant note
- Gates Foundation
Gates Foundation.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- College of Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001879526900001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105047871342
- Other Identifier
- 991022207139504721