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Mechanisms of HIV Entry into the CNS: Increased Sensitivity of HIV Infected CD14(+)CD16(+) Monocytes to CCL2 and Key Roles of CCR2, JAM-A, and ALCAM in Diapedesis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Mechanisms of HIV Entry into the CNS: Increased Sensitivity of HIV Infected CD14(+)CD16(+) Monocytes to CCL2 and Key Roles of CCR2, JAM-A, and ALCAM in Diapedesis

Dionna W. Williams, Tina M. Calderon, Lillie Lopez, Loreto Carvallo-Torres, Peter J. Gaskill, Eliseo A. Eugenin, Susan Morgello and Joan W. Berman
PloS one, v 8(7), pp e69270-e69270
26 Jul 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069270
PMID: 23922698
Featured in Collection :   UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
url
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069270&type=printableView
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open
url
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069270View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics
As HIV infected individuals live longer, the prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders is increasing, despite successful antiretroviral therapy. CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes are critical to the neuropathogenesis of HIV as they promote viral seeding of the brain and establish neuroinflammation. The mechanisms by which HIV infected and uninfected monocytes cross the blood brain barrier and enter the central nervous system are not fully understood. We determined that HIV infection of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes resulted in their highly increased transmigration across the blood brain barrier in response to CCL2 as compared to uninfected cells, which did not occur in the absence of the chemokine. This exuberant transmigration of HIV infected monocytes was due, at least in part, to increased CCR2 and significantly heightened sensitivity to CCL2. The entry of HIV infected and uninfected CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes into the brain was facilitated by significantly increased surface JAM-A, ALCAM, CD99, and PECAM-1, as compared to CD14(+) cells that are CD16 negative. Upon HIV infection, there was an additional increase in surface JAM-A and ALCAM on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes isolated from some individuals. Antibodies to ALCAM and JAM-A inhibited the transmigration of both HIV infected and uninfected CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes across the BBB, demonstrating their importance in facilitating monocyte transmigration and entry into the brain parenchyma. Targeting CCR2, JAM-A, and ALCAM present on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes that preferentially infiltrate the CNS represents a therapeutic strategy to reduce viral seeding of the brain as well as the ongoing neuroinflammation that occurs during HIV pathogenesis.

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126 citations in Web of Science
137 citations in Scopus

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UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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#3 Good Health and Well-Being

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Immunology
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