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Published, Version of Record (VoR)Open Access via Drexel Libraries Read and Publish Program 2025CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Metal Release in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Mechanisms, Adverse Local Tissue Reactions, and Biological Effects
The journal of arthroplasty, v 41(1), pp 201-215
14 Mar 2025
Featured in Collection : Research Supported by Drexel Libraries' OA Programs
Abstract
Compared to the hip, where investigators associate metal release with adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs), metal related complications in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain controversial and underexplored. Primary TKA systems use monobloc components, limiting corrosion and subsequent concern. However, like the joints they replace, metal components degrade in vivo. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize clinically relevant knowledge on metal release within the context of TKA for practicing orthopaedic surgeons. We asked: do ALTRs associated with metal release occur in the knee, and if so, to what extent? To answer this research question, we identified in vivo degradation mechanisms including wear, mechanically assisted crevice corrosion, and electrocautery damage. Next, we synthesized case reports and retrospective clinical studies documenting adverse local tissue reactions in primary and revision TKA. Then, we reviewed the biological response to cobalt chrome debris, focusing on genotoxicity, immune responses, and hypersensitivity. While clinical evidence suggests that patients rarely experience severe biological reactions like pseudotumors, ALTRs associated with metal release can and do occur following TKA. To overcome prevalence related knowledge gaps, prospective clinical trials are needed.
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Details
- Title
- Metal Release in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Mechanisms, Adverse Local Tissue Reactions, and Biological Effects
- Creators
- Michael A. Kurtz (Corresponding Author) - Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health SystemsNadim J. Hallab - Rush University Medical CenterJoshua P. Rainey - University of UtahCristopher E. Pelt - University of UtahWilliam M Mihalko - University of Tennessee SystemNicolas S. Piuzzi - Cleveland ClinicMichael A. Mont - Sinai HospitalHannah Spece - Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health SystemsSteven Kurtz - Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Publication Details
- The journal of arthroplasty, v 41(1), pp 201-215
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105002243399
- Other Identifier
- 991022040073304721