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Published, Version of Record (VoR)CC BY V4.0, Open
Journal article
Modeling of the Effects of Stellar Feedback during Star Cluster Formation Using a Hybrid Gas and N-Body Method
The Astrophysical journal, v 904(2), p192
04 Dec 2020
Abstract
Understanding the formation of stellar clusters requires following the interplay between gas and newly formed stars accurately. We therefore couple the magnetohydrodynamics code FLASH to the N-body code ph4 and the stellar evolution code SeBa using the Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE) to model stellar dynamics, evolution, and collisional N-body dynamics and the formation of binary and higher-order multiple systems, while implementing stellar feedback in the form of radiation, stellar winds, and supernovae in FLASH. We here describe the algorithms used for each of these processes. We denote this integrated package Torch. We then use this novel numerical method to simulate the formation and early evolution of several examples of open clusters of ∼1000 stars formed from clouds with a mass range of 103 M to 105 M . Analyzing the effects of stellar feedback on the gas and stars of the natal clusters, we find that in these examples, the stellar clusters are resilient to disruption, even in the presence of intense feedback. This can even slightly increase the amount of dense, Jeans unstable gas by sweeping up shells; thus, a stellar wind strong enough to trap its own H ii region shows modest triggering of star formation. Our clusters are born moderately mass segregated, an effect enhanced by feedback, and retained after the ejection of their natal gas, in agreement with observations.
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Details
- Title
- Modeling of the Effects of Stellar Feedback during Star Cluster Formation Using a Hybrid Gas and N-Body Method
- Creators
- Joshua E Wall - Drexel University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, Disque Hall, 32 S 32nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAMordecai-Mark Mac Low - Flatiron Institute Center for Computational Astrophysics, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USAStephen L. W McMillan - Drexel UniversityRalf S Klessen - Heidelberg University , Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 205, D-69120, Heidelberg, GermanySimon Portegies Zwart - Leiden University Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The NetherlandsAndrew Pellegrino - Drexel University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, Disque Hall, 32 S 32nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical journal, v 904(2), p192
- Publisher
- The American Astronomical Society
- Number of pages
- 20
- Grant note
- NNX14AP27G / National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000104) 621.016.701 / Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003246) SFB 881 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659) SPP 1573 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659) 339177 / EC European Research Council (ERC) (https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000781) AST18-15461 / NSF MPS Division of Astronomical Sciences (AST) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000164) Research Prize / Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (AvH Foundation) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100005156) AST11-0395 / NSF MPS Division of Astronomical Sciences (AST) (https://doi.org/10.13039/100000164)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000596065500001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85097500689
- Other Identifier
- 991019167336704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Astronomy & Astrophysics