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Mortality predictors in pediatric emergency department presentations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Mortality predictors in pediatric emergency department presentations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammed Alsabri, Mohamed A. Elkarargy, Israa Magdy Ata, Mostafa A. Khalifa, Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid, Ahmed Bostamy Elsnhory, Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab and Sarah Urbon
BMC emergency medicine, v 25(1), 188
26 Sep 2025
PMID: 41013297
url
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01347-0View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Emergency Medicine Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology
BackgroundPediatric patients present to the emergency departments (EDs) with a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe. A systematic approach is crucial to identify those at high risk of deterioration. However, the predictive value of such predictors remains unclear. ObjectivesOur study aims to evaluate different mortality predictors used in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) regarding the diagnostic accuracy metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio. MethodsWe comprehensively searched multiple databases and included all cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to December 2024 with pediatric patients (aged 0-18 years) presenting to PEDs, where mortality predictors were used to assess for in-ED and short-term post-ED mortality. We employed a bivariate random-effects model for data synthesis and analysis to calculate pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) values. Results329 Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) thresholds were analyzed, with the model-derived optimal cutoff 2.189 (AUC) = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.76), high pooled sensitivity (0.95, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.80) and specificity (0.93, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.80). In addition, A strong negative predictive value (NPV = 0.0006) and modest positive predictive value (PPV = 0.0003) were noted. Heterogeneity was significant (I-2>99%), driven by PEWS versions and clinical settings. PEWS implementation reduced mortality without increasing ICU admissions in resource-limited settings. ConclusionsPEWS is a good exclusion tool for those at low mortality risk. However, a comprehensive approach with clinical judgment is needed for the risk assessment of high-risk pediatrics.

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Collaboration types
International collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Emergency Medicine
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