Journal article
Multiple pontomedullary mechanisms of respiratory rhythmogenesis
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, v 168(1), pp 19-25
2009
PMID: 19540366
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Mammalian central pattern generators producing rhythmic movements exhibit robust but flexible behavior. However, brainstem network architectures that enable these features are not well understood. Using precise sequential transections through the pons to medulla, it was observed that there was compartmentalization of distinct rhythmogenic mechanisms in the ponto-medullary respiratory network, which has rostro-caudal organization. The eupneic 3-phase respiratory pattern was transformed to a 2-phase and then to a 1-phase pattern as the network was physically reduced. The pons, the retrotrapezoid nucleus and glycine mediated inhibition are all essential for expression of the 3-phase rhythm. The 2-phase rhythm depends on inhibitory interactions (reciprocal) between Bötzinger and pre-Bötzinger complexes, whereas the 1-phase-pattern is generated within the pre-Bötzinger complex and is reliant on the persistent sodium current. In conditions of forced expiration, the RTN region was found to be essential for the expression of abdominal late expiratory activity. However, it is unknown whether the RTN generates or simply relays this activity. Entrained with the central respiratory network is the sympathetic nervous system, which exhibits patterns of discharge coupled with the respiratory cycle (in terms of both gain and phase of coupling) and dysfunctions in this coupling appear to underpin pathological conditions. In conclusion, the respiratory network has rhythmogenic capabilities at multiple levels of network organization, allowing expression of motor patterns specific for various physiological and pathophysiological respiratory behaviors.
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Details
- Title
- Multiple pontomedullary mechanisms of respiratory rhythmogenesis
- Creators
- A.P.L Abdala - Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United KingdomI.A Rybak - Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAJ.C Smith - Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USAD.B Zoccal - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilB.H Machado - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilW.M St-John - Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03755, USAJ.F.R Paton - Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Publication Details
- Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, v 168(1), pp 19-25
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurobiology and Anatomy
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000270150300004
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-68949196307
- Other Identifier
- 991014878344504721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Physiology
- Respiratory System