Journal article
Multiwavelength observations of mrk 501 in 2008
Astronomy & Astrophysics
17 Dec 2014
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Context. Blazars are variable sources on various timescales over a broad energy range spanning from radio to very high energy (>100 GeV, hereafter VHE). Mrk 501 is one of the brightest blazars at TeV energies and has been extensively studied since its first VHE detection in 1996. However, most of the gamma-ray studies performed on Mrk 501 during the past years relate to flaring activity, when the source detection and characterization with the available gamma-ray instrumentation was easier to perform.
Aims. Our goal is to characterize the source gamma-ray emission in detail, together with the radio-to-X-ray emission, during the non-flaring (low) activity, which is less often studied than the occasional flaring (high) activity.
Methods. We organized a multiwavelength (MW) campaign on Mrk 501 between March and May 2008. This multi-instrument effort included the most sensitive VHE gamma-ray instruments in the northern hemisphere, namely the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes MAGIC and VERITAS, as well as Swift, RXTE, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments. This provided extensive energy and temporal coverage of Mrk 501 throughout the entire campaign.
Results. Mrk 501 was found to be in a low state of activity during the campaign, with a VHE flux in the range of 10%-20% of the Crab nebula flux. Nevertheless, significant flux variations were detected with various instruments, with a trend of increasing variability with energy and a tentative correlation between the X-ray and VHE fluxes. The broadband spectral energy distribution during the two different emission states of the campaign can be adequately described within the homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, with the (slightly) higher state described by an increase in the electron number density.
Conclusions. The one-zone SSC model can adequately describe the broadband spectral energy distribution of the source during the two months covered by the MW campaign. This agrees with previous studies of the broadband emission of this source during flaring and non-flaring states. We report for the first time a tentative X-ray-to-VHE correlation during such a low VHE activity. Although marginally significant, this positive correlation between X-ray and VHE, which has been reported many times during flaring activity, suggests that the mechanisms that dominate the X-ray/VHE emission during non-flaring-activity are not substantially different from those that are responsible for the emission during flaring activity.
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Details
- Title
- Multiwavelength observations of mrk 501 in 2008
- Creators
- J AleksićS Ansoldi - University of UdineL. A Antonelli - National Institute for AstrophysicsP Antoranz - University of SienaA Babic - University of SplitP Bangale - Max Planck SocietyU Barres de AlmeidaJ. A Barrio - Complutense University of MadridJ Becerra GonzálezW Bednarek - University of ŁódźK Berger - Spanish National Research CouncilE BernardiniA Biland - ETH ZurichO BlanchR. K Bock - Max Planck SocietyS Bonnefoy - Complutense University of MadridG Bonnoli - National Institute for AstrophysicsF Borracci - Max Planck SocietyT Bretz - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneE CarmonaA Carosi - National Institute for AstrophysicsD Carreto FidalgoP Colin - Max Planck SocietyE Colombo - Spanish National Research CouncilJ. L Contreras - Complutense University of MadridJ CortinaS Covino - National Institute for AstrophysicsP Da Vela - University of SienaF Dazzi - University of UdineA De Angelis - University of UdineG De CanevaB De Lotto - University of UdineC Delgado MendezM DoertA Domínguez - University of California, RiversideD Dominis PresterD Dorner - University of WürzburgM Doro - University of PaduaS EineckeD Eisenacher - University of WürzburgD Elsaesser - University of WürzburgE Farina - University of InsubriaD Ferenc - University of SplitM. V Fonseca - Complutense University of MadridL Font - Autonomous University of BarcelonaK FrantzenC Fruck - Max Planck SocietyR. J García LópezM GarczarczykD Garrido TerratsM Gaug - Autonomous University of BarcelonaG GiavittoN Godinović - University of SplitA González MuñozS. R GozziniA HadamekD Hadasch - Spanish National Research CouncilA Herrero - Spanish National Research CouncilD Hildebrand - ETH ZurichJ Hose - Max Planck SocietyD Hrupec - University of SplitW Idec - University of ŁódźV Kadenius - University of OuluH Kellermann - Max Planck SocietyM. L Knoetig - ETH ZurichJ Krause - Max Planck SocietyJ Kushida - Kyoto UniversityA La Barbera - National Institute for AstrophysicsD Lelas - University of SplitN Lewandowska - University of WürzburgE Lindfors - University of OuluS Lombardi - National Institute for AstrophysicsM López - Complutense University of MadridR López-CotoA López-OramasE Lorenz - Max Planck SocietyI Lozano - Complutense University of MadridM Makariev - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesK MallotG Maneva - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesN Mankuzhiyil - University of UdineK Mannheim - University of WürzburgL Maraschi - National Institute for AstrophysicsB Marcote - University of BarcelonaM Mariotti - University of PaduaM MartínezD Mazin - Max Planck SocietyU Menzel - Max Planck SocietyM Meucci - University of SienaJ. M Miranda - University of SienaR Mirzoyan - Max Planck SocietyA MoralejoP Munar-Adrover - University of BarcelonaD Nakajima - Kyoto UniversityA Niedzwiecki - University of ŁódźK Nilsson - University of OuluN Nowak - Max Planck SocietyR Orito - Kyoto UniversityA OverkempingS Paiano - University of PaduaM Palatiello - University of UdineD Paneque - Max Planck SocietyR Paoletti - University of SienaJ. M Paredes - University of BarcelonaX Paredes-Fortuny - University of BarcelonaS Partini - University of SienaM Persic - University of UdineF Prada - Spanish National Research CouncilP. G Prada MoroniE Prandini - University of PaduaS Preziuso - University of SienaI Puljak - University of SplitR Reinthal - University of OuluW RhodeM Ribó - University of BarcelonaJ RicoJ Rodriguez GarciaS Rügamer - University of WürzburgA Saggion - University of PaduaT Saito - Kyoto UniversityK Saito - Kyoto UniversityM Salvati - National Institute for AstrophysicsK Satalecka - Complutense University of MadridV Scalzotto - University of PaduaV Scapin - Complutense University of MadridC Schultz - University of PaduaT SchweizerS. N Shore - University of PisaA Sillanpää - University of OuluJ Sitarek - Max Planck SocietyI Snidaric - University of SplitD Sobczynska - University of ŁódźF Spanier - University of WürzburgV StamatescuA Stamerra - National Institute for AstrophysicsT Steinbring - University of WürzburgJ Storz - University of WürzburgS Sun - Max Planck SocietyT Surić - University of SplitL Takalo - University of OuluF Tavecchio - National Institute for AstrophysicsP Temnikov - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesT Terzić - University of SplitD Tescaro - Spanish National Research CouncilM Teshima - Max Planck SocietyJ ThaeleO Tibolla - University of WürzburgD. F Torres - Spanish National Research CouncilT Toyama - Max Planck SocietyA Treves - University of InsubriaM UellenbeckP Vogler - ETH ZurichR. M Wagner - Max Planck SocietyF Zandanel - Spanish National Research CouncilR Zanin - University of BarcelonaB BeheraM Beilicke - Washington University in St. LouisW Benbow - Harvard UniversityR Bird - University College DublinA Bouvier - University of California, Santa CruzV Bugaev - Washington University in St. LouisM Cerruti - Harvard UniversityX Chen - University of PotsdamL Ciupik - Adler PlanetariumE Collins-Hughes - University College DublinW Cui - Purdue University West LafayetteC Duke - Grinnell CollegeJ Dumm - University of MinnesotaA Falcone - Pennsylvania State UniversityS Federici - University of PotsdamQ Feng - Purdue University West LafayetteJ. P Finley - Purdue University West LafayetteL Fortson - University of MinnesotaA Furniss - University of California, Santa CruzN Galante - Harvard UniversityG. H Gillanders - National University of Ireland, GalwayS Griffin - McGill UniversityS. T Griffiths - University of IowaJ Grube - Adler PlanetariumG Gyuk - Adler PlanetariumD Hanna - McGill UniversityJ Holder - University of DelawareC. A Johnson - University of California, Santa CruzP Kaaret - University of IowaM Kertzman - DePauw UniversityD Kieda - University of UtahH Krawczynski - Washington University in St. LouisM. J Lang - National University of Ireland, GalwayA. S Madhavan - Iowa State UniversityG MaierP Majumdar - Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsK Meagher - Georgia Institute of TechnologyP Moriarty - Galway-Mayo Institute of TechnologyR Mukherjee - Columbia UniversityD Nieto - Columbia UniversityA O’Faoláin de BhróitheR. A Ong - University of California, Los AngelesA. N Otte - Georgia Institute of TechnologyA Pichel - University of Buenos AiresM Pohl - University of PotsdamA Popkow - University of California, Los AngelesH ProkophJ Quinn - University College DublinJ Rajotte - McGill UniversityG Ratliff - Adler PlanetariumL. C Reyes - California Polytechnic State UniversityP. T ReynoldsG. T Richards - Georgia Institute of TechnologyE Roache - Harvard UniversityG. H Sembroski - Purdue University West LafayetteK Shahinyan - University of MinnesotaF Sheidaei - University of UtahA. W Smith - University of UtahD Staszak - McGill UniversityI Telezhinsky - University of PotsdamM Theiling - Purdue University West LafayetteJ Tyler - McGill UniversityA Varlotta - Purdue University West LafayetteS VincentS. P Wakely - University of ChicagoT. C Weekes - Harvard UniversityR WelsingD. A Williams - University of California, Santa CruzA Zajczyk - Washington University in St. LouisB Zitzer - Argonne National LaboratoryM VillataC. M RaiteriM Ajello - University of California, BerkeleyM Perri - Instituto Politécnico NacionalH. D Aller - University of Michigan–Ann ArborM. F Aller - University of Michigan–Ann ArborV. M Larionov - St Petersburg UniversityN. V Efimova - St Petersburg UniversityT. S Konstantinova - St Petersburg UniversityE. N Kopatskaya - St Petersburg UniversityW. P Chen - National Central UniversityE Koptelova - Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityH. Y Hsiao - National Central UniversityO. M Kurtanidze - Heidelberg UniversityM. G Nikolashvili - Georgian National Academy of SciencesG. N Kimeridze - Georgian National Academy of SciencesB Jordan - Dublin Institute For Advanced StudiesP LetoC. S BuemiC TrigilioG UmanaA Lähteenmäki - Aalto UniversityE Nieppola - Aalto UniversityM Tornikoski - Aalto UniversityJ Sainio - University of OuluM GirolettiA Cesarini - University of TrentoL Fuhrmann - Max Planck SocietyYu. A KovalevY. Y Kovalev - Max Planck Society
- Publication Details
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000346901300005
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84919779431
- Other Identifier
- 991019201503004721
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