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Journal article
Naturally occurring graphite cones
Carbon (New York), v 41(11), pp 2085-2092
2003
Abstract
Carbon, boron nitride, and other materials that form nanotubes are also able to form conical shapes. Even though the potential applications of cone arrays as electron emitters and other devices are very promising, understanding of their structure and formation mechanisms is still very limited compared to nanotubes and other carbon structures. Moreover, the cones have only been synthesized in a mixture with other shapes, but never as continuous arrays. It appears, however, that we can learn from nature how to produce large carbon cone arrays. We here report the first-known natural occurrence of large arrays of conical graphite crystals. These occur on the surfaces of millimeter-sized polycrystalline spheroidal aggregates of graphite. Cone heights range from less then a micron to 40 μm, which is larger than any other carbon cones reported in the literature. They are also observed to dominate sample surfaces. The surface topography of the cones and petrologic relations of the samples suggest that the cones formed from a metamorphic fluid. Unlike most laboratory produced cones, the natural cones have a wide distribution of apex angles, which supports a disclination model for cone-helix structures.
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Details
- Title
- Naturally occurring graphite cones
- Creators
- John A Jaszczak - Department of Physics and the A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USAGeorge W Robinson - Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, and the A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USASvetlana Dimovski - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAYury Gogotsi - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Publication Details
- Carbon (New York), v 41(11), pp 2085-2092
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000184889200007
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-0042563089
- Other Identifier
- 991014969758104721
InCites Highlights
Data related to this publication, from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics tool:
- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Chemistry, Physical
- Materials Science, Multidisciplinary