Contingency theory COVID-19 Crisis communication Political ideology Threat appraisal
•Using a survey of U.S. adults, this study examined the public’s stance and behavior toward the CDC during COVID-19 pandemic.•Findings stress the importance of threat appraisal and attitudes about the CDC to understand publics’ stance during COVID-19.•Political ideology is a key anteceding variable that influences threat appraisal and attitudes in the contingency theory.•Findings from this study confirm the positive relationship between stance and actual behavior.
This study applied the contingency theory of conflict management to examine how contingency factors influence the public’s perceptual and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and stance toward the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In particular, we tested political ideology as an important individual characteristic variable to examine its roles in the contingency theory framework. The findings revealed that two situational variables (i.e., threat appraisal and attitudes toward CDC) positively influenced the public’s contingency accommodation stance toward the CDC. Furthermore, greater conservatism was significantly associated with lower levels of threat appraisal and more negative attitudes toward the CDC, however it did not influence the stance toward the CDC. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.