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Near-exact enthalpy-entropy compensation governs the thermal unfolding of protonation states of oxidized cytochrome c
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Near-exact enthalpy-entropy compensation governs the thermal unfolding of protonation states of oxidized cytochrome c

Jonathan B. Soffer and Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner
Journal of biological inorganic chemistry, v 19(7), pp 1181-1194
01 Oct 2014
PMID: 25030811

Abstract

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Science & Technology
This paper reports the first quantitative analysis of the thermal transitions of all protonation states of oxidized horse heart cytochrome c at low anion concentration. Changes of secondary and tertiary structure were probed by ultraviolet (UV) as well as visible circular dichroism and absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The temperature dependence of spectra were recorded at pH values assignable to a set of different protonation states which encompass the canonical Theorell-kesson states and the recently discovered III* state. Our experimental data suggest a two-step process of thermal unfolding for all protonation states. The respective thermodynamic parameters were obtained from a global analysis of the temperature dependence of corresponding visible circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectra. The results of this analysis revealed a statistically significant enthalpy-entropy compensation with different apparent compensation temperatures for the two consecutive thermal transitions (319 and 357 K). This reflects the narrow distribution of the respective folding temperatures. UVCD spectra suggest that even the thermal transitions of protonation states occupied at acidic and alkaline pH cause only a very modest unfolding of the protein's helical structure. Our data indicate the protonation-induced unfolding at room temperatures predominantly affects the Omega-loops of the protein. The two thermal transitions involve changes of two foldons, i.e. the unfolding of two short beta-strand segments (associated with the yellow foldon) followed by the unfolding of the 60' helix (green foldon) that connects the two Omega-loops of the protein. Apparently, intra-backbone hydrogen bonding is strong enough to mostly protect the terminal N- and C-helices from unfolding even at rather extreme conditions. .

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Web of Science research areas
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
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