Journal article
No evidence for sleep-dependent memory generalization in a large online sample
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), v 33(6-7), a054219
Jun 2026
PMID: 42608289
Abstract
Memory generalization allows individuals to extract and apply information from prior experiences to novel situations, supporting flexible learning and efficient decision-making. Theoretical models suggest that sleep should facilitate generalization, yet the literature examining its role in promoting generalization is mixed. We recruited 137 participants via Prolific to complete an image-location memory task over two sessions spaced 12 h apart. Participants were randomly assigned to the Wake group (learning in the morning) or the Sleep group (learning in the evening). In Session 1, participants learned the location of stimuli on the screen and were tested on their memory 5 min later. Twelve hours later, in Session 2, they were tested on their memory again. Stimuli consisted of 160 images from eight semantic categories and were strategically positioned on-screen to test the effects of generalization on retrieval (i.e., category-based memory distortions and biases). After the delay, retrieval was less accurate and demonstrated more generalization. However, these effects were mostly independent of Group, with some evidence for enhanced generalization following a period of wakefulness over sleep. Generalization was also driven by time of day, with more generalization in the evening relative to the morning. Taken together, our results, based on a large online sample, do not support a role for sleep in promoting memory generalization.
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Details
- Title
- No evidence for sleep-dependent memory generalization in a large online sample
- Creators
- Tiange Lu - University of California, IrvineZhuangning Ji - University of California, IrvineAlexa Tompary - Drexel UniversityEitan Schechtman (Corresponding Author) - University of California, Irvine
- Publication Details
- Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), v 33(6-7), a054219
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Psychological and Brain Sciences (Psychology)
- Other Identifier
- 991022202483204721