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Nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load across adolescence among US youth with perinatally acquired HIV
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load across adolescence among US youth with perinatally acquired HIV

Deborah Kacanek, Yanling Huo, Kathleen Malee, Claude A. Mellins, Renee Smith, Patricia A. Garvie, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Sonia Lee, Claire A. Berman, Mary Paul, …
AIDS (London), v 33(12), pp 1923-1934
01 Oct 2019
PMID: 31274538
url
https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002301View
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Immunology Infectious Diseases Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology Virology
Objective: To identify factors associated with nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load across adolescence among youth with perinatally acquired HIV. Design: Longitudinal study at 15 US clinical sites. Methods: Self-reported antiretroviral medication nonadherence (any missed dose, past week) and unsuppressed viral load (HIV RNA > 400 copies/ml) were assessed annually. Individual, caregiver, social, and structural factors associated with nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load were identified by age (years): 8-11 (preadolescence), 12-14 (early adolescence), 15-17 (middle adolescence), and 18-22 (late adolescence/young adulthood), utilizing multivariable generalized linear mixed effects models. Results: During a median 3.3-year follow-up, 381 youth with perinatally acquired HIV contributed viral load measurements and 379 completed 1190 adherence evaluations. From preadolescence to late adolescence/young adulthood, prevalence of nonadherence increased from 31 to 50% (P < 0.001); prevalence of unsuppressed viral load increased from 16 to 40% (P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, in pre, middle, and late adolescence/young adulthood, perceived antiretroviral side effects were associated with nonadherence. Additional factors associated with nonadherence included: in preadolescence, using a buddy system (as an adherence reminder); in early adolescence, identifying as black, using buddy system; in middle adolescence, CD4(+)% less than 15%, unmarried caregiver, indirect exposure to violence, stigma/fear of inadvertent disclosure, stressful life events. Associations with unsuppressed viral load included: in early adolescence, youth unawareness of HIV status, lower income; in middle adolescence, perceived antiretroviral side effects, lower income; in late adolescence/young adulthood, distressing physical symptoms, and perceived antiretroviral side effects. Conclusion: Prevalence of nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load increased with age. Associated factors varied across adolescence. Recognition of age-specific factors is important when considering strategies to support adherence.

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Collaboration types
Domestic collaboration
Web of Science research areas
Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Virology
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