Journal article
Oculomotor, vestibular, reaction time, and cognitive tests as objective measures of neural deficits in patients post COVID-19 infection
Frontiers in neurology, v 13, p919596
12 Sep 2022
PMID: 36188407
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
ObjectiveAn alarming proportion (>30%) of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) continue to experience neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, smell and/or taste abnormalities, and impaired consciousness (brain fog), after recovery from the acute infection. These symptoms are self-reported and vary from patient to patient, making it difficult to accurately diagnose and initiate a proper treatment course. Objective measures to identify and quantify neural deficits underlying the symptom profiles are lacking. This study tested the hypothesis that oculomotor, vestibular, reaction time, and cognitive (OVRT-C) testing using eye-tracking can objectively identify and measure functional neural deficits post COVID-19 infection. MethodsSubjects diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 77) were tested post-infection with a battery of 20 OVRT-C tests delivered on a portable eye-tracking device (Neurolign Dx100). Data from 14 tests were compared to previously collected normative data from subjects with similar demographics. Post-COVID subjects were also administered the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) for symptom evaluation. ResultsA significant percentage of post COVID-19 patients (up to 86%) scored outside the norms in 12 out of 14 tests, with smooth pursuit and optokinetic responses being most severely affected. A multivariate model constructed using stepwise logistic regression identified 6 metrics as significant indicators of post-COVID patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.89, the estimated specificity was 98% (with cutoff value of 0.5) and the sensitivity was 88%. There were moderate but significant correlations between NSI domain key variables and OVRT-C tests. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of OVRT-C testing to provide objective measures of neural deficits in people recovering from COVID-19 infection. Such testing may serve as an efficient tool for identifying hidden neurological deficits post COVID-19, screening patients at risk of developing long COVID, and may help guide rehabilitation and treatment strategies.
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Details
- Title
- Oculomotor, vestibular, reaction time, and cognitive tests as objective measures of neural deficits in patients post COVID-19 infection
- Creators
- Kevin M. Kelly - Allegheny Health NetworkR. Anghinah - Universidade de São PauloA. Kullmann - Neurolign Technol Inc, Neurolign USA LLC, Toronto, ON, CanadaR. C. Ashmore - Neurolign Technol Inc, Neurolign USA LLC, Toronto, ON, CanadaA. S. Synowiec - Allegheny Health NetworkL. C. Gibson - Neurolign Technol Inc, Neurolign USA LLC, Toronto, ON, CanadaL. Manfrinati - Universidade de São PauloA. de Araujo - Universidade de São PauloR. R. Spera - Universidade de São PauloS. M. D. Brucki - Universidade de São PauloR. L. Tuma - Universidade de São PauloA. Braverman - Neurolign Technol Inc, Neurolign USA LLC, Toronto, ON, CanadaA. Kiderman - Neurolign Technol Inc, Neurolign USA LLC, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in neurology, v 13, p919596
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media Sa
- Number of pages
- 23
- Grant note
- Neurolign International Inc
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurology
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000861839900001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85139221696
- Other Identifier
- 991022193493704721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Neurosciences