Journal article
Optical calibration systems of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
Journal of instrumentation, v 21(7), P07029
01 Jul 2026
Abstract
This work presents the design and performance characterization of the optical calibration systems produced for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE), which target gain, energy and time calibration in the detector. These systems include novel light-pulse driver circuitry based on gallium nitride field-effect transistor technology and its application to directional and isotropic, self-monitoring optical calibration instruments. A total of 330 directional light pulsers and two isotropic, 17-inch calibration modules (P-CALs) were produced for the first P-ONE line. We present the designs and performance of both the directional and isotropic calibration devices and perform detailed optical characterizations of both full-production batches. In a wavelength range of 365 – 520 nm, our developed driver circuits achieve emission intensities up to 1011 photons and pulse widths as small as 1.4 ns, respectively. Light-pulse drivers and self-monitoring electronics in the P-CAL were characterized using the same experimental setup, and the instrument's optical-isotropy design was optimized in combination with a dedicated GEANT4-based simulation framework. The optimized P-CAL achieves a simulated isotropy grade of 1.00 ± 0.01 across the entire 4π solid angle range. These simulation investigations were explicitly confirmed by dedicated measurements in both air and water using two independent experimental setups, and we report the results. With this, a detailed performance estimate for deployed P-CAL modules in P-ONE was possible.
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Details
- Title
- Optical calibration systems of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
- Creators
- M Agostini - University College LondonA Alexander WightM Altomare - Simon Fraser UniversityK Baş - Technical University of MunichN Baily - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyP.S Barbeau - Duke UniversityA.J Baron - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyS Bash - Technical University of MunichC Bellenghi - Technical University of MunichM Boehmer - Technical University of MunichM Brandenburg - Technical University of MunichP Bunton - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyN Cedarblade-Jones - Duke UniversityB Crudele - University College LondonM Danninger - Simon Fraser UniversityT DeYoung - Michigan State UniversityA Gärtner - Simon Fraser UniversityJ Garriz - Michigan State UniversityD Ghuman - Simon Fraser UniversityL Ginzkey - Technical University of MunichT Glukler - Simon Fraser UniversityV Gousy-Leblanc - Technical University of MunichD Grant - Simon Fraser UniversityA Grimes - Simon Fraser UniversityC Haack - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergR Hall - Simon Fraser UniversityR Halliday - Elmhurst CollegeD Hembroff - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyF Henningsen - Simon Fraser UniversityM Herle - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyO Janik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergH Johnson - Simon Fraser UniversityW Kang - Drexel UniversityS Karanth - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesT Kerscher - Technical University of MunichS Kerschtien - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyK Kopański - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesC Kopper - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergP Krause - Simon Fraser UniversityC.B Krauss - University of AlbertaN Kurahashi - Drexel UniversityC Lagunas GualdaA Lam - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyT Lavallee - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyK Leismüller - Technical University of MunichR Li - Technical University of MunichS Loipolder - Technical University of MunichC Magee - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyS Magel - Technical University of MunichP Malecki - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesT Martin - University of AlbertaA Maunder - University of AlbertaC Miller - Simon Fraser UniversityN Molberg - University of AlbertaR Moore - University of AlbertaB Nührenbörger - Technical University of MunichB Nichol - Simon Fraser UniversityW Noga - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesR ØrsøeL Papp - Technical University of MunichV Parrish - Michigan State UniversityP Pfahler - Technical University of MunichJ Pflanz - Technical University of MunichB Pirenne - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyE Price - Ocean Networks Canada SocietyA Rahlin - University of ChicagoM Rangen - University of AlbertaE Resconi - Technical University of MunichS Robertson - University of AlbertaM.F Rodriguez-Pilco - Michigan State UniversityD Salazar-Gallegos - Michigan State UniversityA Scholz - Technical University of MunichL Schumacher - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergS Sharma - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesB.R Smithers - TRIUMFC SpannfellnerJ Stacho - Simon Fraser UniversityI Taboada - Georgia Institute of TechnologyK Tchiorniy - Technical University of MunichJ.P Twagirayezu - Michigan State UniversityM Un NisaB Veenstra - University of AlbertaM Velazquez - Georgia Institute of TechnologyL von der Werth - Technical University of MunichC Weaver - Michigan State UniversityN Whitehorn - Michigan State UniversityB Winnicky-Lewis - University of VictoriaL Winter - Technical University of MunichR Wroński - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesJ.P Yañez - University of AlbertaS Yun-Cárcamo - Drexel UniversityA Zaalishvili - Duke UniversityThe P-ONE collaboration The P-ONE collaborationThe P-ONE collaboration
- Publication Details
- Journal of instrumentation, v 21(7), P07029
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Number of pages
- 29
- Grant note
- Collaborative Research Centre: 1258, SFB1258 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon Europe programme through an ERC Advanced Grant National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council U.K. Research and Innovation UCL Cosmoparticle Initiative Polish National Science Centre (NCN)
We thank Ocean Networks Canada for the very successful operation of the NEPTUNE observatory, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom this experiment and PONE could not be operated efficiently. We acknoledge support from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans. We acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) . This research was enabled in part by support provided by the BC and Prairies DRI and the Digital Research Alliance of Canada (alliancecan.ca) . This research was undertaken thanks in part to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund through the Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute. P-ONE is supported by the Collaborative Research Centre 1258 (SFB1258) and the Cluster of Excellence ORIGINS, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy, and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon Europe programme through an ERC Advanced Grant. We acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, part of the U.K. Research and Innovation, and by the UCL Cosmoparticle Initiative. This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) .r Institute. P-ONE is supported by the Collaborative Research Centre 1258 (SFB1258) and the Cluster of Excellence ORIGINS, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy, and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon Europe programme through an ERC Advanced Grant. We acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, part of the U.K. Research and Innovation, and by the UCL Cosmoparticle Initiative. This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) .
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001837940400001
- Other Identifier
- 991022200758904721