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Optimizing fever management in pediatric emergency medicine: pathophysiology, diagnostics, and evidence-based strategies
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Optimizing fever management in pediatric emergency medicine: pathophysiology, diagnostics, and evidence-based strategies

Mohamed Alsabri, Chibuike Daniel Onyejesi, Aanal Patel, Mandy Elewa, Eslam Moumen Abady, Rashmika Mohunsing, Chinonso Joshua Okolie, Syeda Alisha Zehra and Eric Lusinski
International journal of emergency medicine, v 18(1), 231
05 Nov 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01014-y
PMID: 41193963
url
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01014-yView
Published, Version of Record (VoR) Open

Abstract

Angiology Emergency Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Review Cardiology Internal Medicine Pediatrics
Fever is a prevalent clinical manifestation in pediatrics, representing a significant proportion of emergency department (ED) visits worldwide. While fever is often benign and self-limiting, it can also indicate life-threatening infections requiring immediate intervention, particularly in neonates and immunocompromised children. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate pathophysiology of fever, exploring its dual role as a protective immune mechanism and a potential physiological risk. It critically examines diagnostic challenges, evidence-based management strategies, and global disparities in fever treatment. Special emphasis is placed on parental perceptions, the overuse of antipyretics, and the emerging role of artificial intelligence in fever diagnosis. Future directions include refining diagnostic biomarkers, implementing digital health tools, and advancing antimicrobial stewardship to curb antibiotic resistance. By improving clinical decision-making and public awareness, this review aims to optimize the management of febrile children worldwide and enhance patient outcomes.

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