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Accepted (AM)Open Access (License Unspecified), Open
Journal article
Orexin/hypocretin and dysregulated eating: Promotion of foraging behavior
Brain research, v 1731, 145915
15 Mar 2020
PMID: 30125533
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
•The primary evolutionary function of orexin may be to promote foraging.•Orexin neurons are activated by food deprivation and stimulate homeostatic feeding.•Orexin also enhances intake and working for binge-like palatable food intake.•Orexin stimulates seeking and anticipatory behavior for palatable food.•Orexin promotes olfaction, attention, spatial memory, and mastication of food.
At its discovery, orexin/hypocretin (OX) was hypothesized to promote food intake. Subsequently, with the identification of the participation of OX in numerous other phenomena, including arousal and drug seeking, this neuropeptide was proposed to be involved in highly motivated behaviors. The present review develops the hypothesis that the primary evolutionary function of OX is to promote foraging behavior, seeking for food under conditions of limited availability. Thus, it will first describe published literature on OX and homeostatic food intake, which shows that OX neurons are activated by conditions of food deprivation and in turn stimulate food intake. Next, it will present literature on excessive and binge-like food intake, which demonstrates that OX stimulates both intake and willingness to work for palatable food. Importantly, studies show that binge-like eating can be inhibited by OX antagonists at doses far lower than those required to suppress homeostatic intake (3 mg/kg vs. 30 mg/kg), suggesting that an OX-based pharmacotherapy, at the right dose, could specifically control dysregulated eating. Finally, the review will discuss the role of OX in foraging behavior, citing literature which shows that OX neurons, which are activated during the anticipation of food reward, can promote a number of phenomena involved in successful foraging, including food-anticipatory locomotor behavior, olfactory sensitivity, visual attention, spatial memory, and mastication. Thus, OX may promote homeostatic eating, as well as binge eating of palatable food, due to its ability to stimulate and coordinate the activities involved in foraging behavior.
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Details
- Title
- Orexin/hypocretin and dysregulated eating: Promotion of foraging behavior
- Creators
- Jessica R. Barson - Drexel University
- Publication Details
- Brain research, v 1731, 145915
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurobiology and Anatomy
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000524456000011
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85052112493
- Other Identifier
- 991019168965404721
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- Web of Science research areas
- Neurosciences