Journal article
Passive exercise of the hind limbs after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord promotes cortical reorganization
PloS one, v 8(1), pp e54350-e54350
2013
PMID: 23349859
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes neural plasticity in the brain of healthy subjects and modulates pathophysiological neural plasticity after sensorimotor loss, but the mechanisms of this action are not fully understood. After spinal cord injury, cortical reorganization can be maximized by exercising the non-affected body or the residual functions of the affected body. However, exercise per se also produces systemic changes - such as increased cardiovascular fitness, improved circulation and neuroendocrine changes - that have a great impact on brain function and plasticity. It is therefore possible that passive exercise therapies typically applied below the level of the lesion in patients with spinal cord injury could put the brain in a more plastic state and promote cortical reorganization. To directly test this hypothesis, we applied passive hindlimb bike exercise after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord in adult rats. Using western blot analysis, we found that the level of proteins associated with plasticity - specifically ADCY1 and BDNF - increased in the somatosensory cortex of transected animals that received passive bike exercise compared to transected animals that received sham exercise. Using electrophysiological techniques, we then verified that neurons in the deafferented hindlimb cortex increased their responsiveness to tactile stimuli delivered to the forelimb in transected animals that received passive bike exercise compared to transected animals that received sham exercise. Passive exercise below the level of the lesion, therefore, promotes cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury, uncovering a brain-body interaction that does not rely on intact sensorimotor pathways connecting the exercised body parts and the brain.
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Details
- Title
- Passive exercise of the hind limbs after complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord promotes cortical reorganization
- Creators
- Alessandro Graziano - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Alessandro.Graziano@DrexelMed.eduGuglielmo FoffaniEric B KnudsenJed ShumskyKaren A Moxon
- Publication Details
- PloS one, v 8(1), pp e54350-e54350
- Publisher
- Public LIbrary of Science (PLOS); United States
- Grant note
- P01 NS 055976 / NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS05741 / NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS055976 / NINDS NIH HHS
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Neurobiology and Anatomy; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000314019100059
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-84872825436
- Other Identifier
- 991014877964404721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Neurosciences