Journal article
Preliminary Examination of the Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Living Skin and Temperature at the Skin–Transducer Interface
Bioengineering (Basel), v 11(11), 1126
08 Nov 2024
PMID: 39593786
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Abstract
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (tFUS) is a new, rapidly growing field related to the study and treatment of brain circuits. Establishing safety cutoffs for focused ultrasound is crucial for non-ablative neurological ultrasound experiments. In addition to potential focal heating, there is concern about temperature elevation at the skin surface. Much work has been performed at or near the FDA guideline of ISPTA.3 = 720 mW/cm2, which technically only applies to diagnostic, not therapeutic, ultrasound. Furthermore, evidence of brain tissue damage on histology in the focal region has been shown not to occur until ISPTA.3 > 14 W/cm2. Therefore, this study was conducted across a range of intensities between these two values, evaluating both subjective and objective side effects. Subjective side effects encompassed any discomfort experienced during and after focused ultrasound stimulation, while objective side effects included clinical findings of skin irritation, such as erythema, edema, or burns. This study also examined how the skin temperature at the skin–transducer interface would change in order to assess whether there would be significant heating. The subjects did not experience any unpleasant sensation at the point of stimulation, including heat or pain, and no objective findings of skin irritation were observed following stimulation and the removal of the transducer. In addition, there was no intensity-dependent effect on temperature, and the maximal rise in temperature was 1.45 °C, suggesting that these parameters do not result in the heating of the skin at the interface in such a way that poses a risk to subjects when operating at or below the intensities tested in this experiment.
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Details
- Title
- Preliminary Examination of the Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Living Skin and Temperature at the Skin–Transducer Interface
- Creators
- Andrew A. E. D. Bishay - Neurobehavioral SystemsAndrew J. SwensonNorman M. Spivak - Neurobehavioral SystemsSamantha Schafer - Drexel UniversityBrendan P. Bych - Neurobehavioral SystemsSpencer D. Gilles - Neurobehavioral SystemsChristopher Dorobczynski - Neurobehavioral SystemsAlexander S. Korb - Neurobehavioral SystemsMark E. Schafer - Drexel UniversityTaylor P. Kuhn - Neurobehavioral SystemsMartin M. Monti - Neurobehavioral SystemsAlexander Bystritsky - Neurobehavioral Systems
- Publication Details
- Bioengineering (Basel), v 11(11), 1126
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Number of pages
- 9
- Grant note
- National Institute of General Medical SciencesTiny Blue Dot FoundationNational Institute of Mental Health: F30 MH 136802
This study received funding from the Tiny Blue Dot Foundation [to M.M.M.], from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32 GM008042 [to N.M.S.]) and from the National Institute of Mental Health (F30 MH 136802 [to N.M.S.]). The supporting source had no involvement in the decision to submit this report for publication.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001367666200001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85210567214
- Other Identifier
- 991021960651004721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
- Engineering, Biomedical