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Prevalence of Amblyopia and Strabismus in White and African American Children Aged 6 through 71 Months The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study
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Prevalence of Amblyopia and Strabismus in White and African American Children Aged 6 through 71 Months The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study

David S. Friedman, Michael X. Repka, Joanne Katz, Lydia Giordano, Josephine Ibironke, Patricia Hawse and James M. Tielsch
Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 116(11), pp 2128-2134
01 Nov 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.034
PMID: 19762084
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2783780View
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Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine Ophthalmology Science & Technology
Objective: To determine the age-specific prevalence of strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months and of amblyopia in white and African American children aged 30 through 71 months. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Participants: White and African American children aged 6 through 71 months in Baltimore, MD, United States. Among 4132 children identified, 3990 eligible children (97%) were enrolled and 2546 children (62%) were examined. Methods: Parents or guardians of eligible participants underwent an in-home interview and were scheduled for a detailed eye examination, including optotype visual acuity and measurement of ocular deviations. Strabismus was defined as a heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia was assessed in those children aged 30 through 71 months who were able to perform optotype testing at 3 meters. Main Outcome Measures: The proportions of children aged 6 through 71 months with strabismus and of children aged 30 through 71 months with amblyopia. Results: Manifest strabismus was found in 3.3% of white and 2.1 % of African American children (relative prevalence [RP], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.66). Esotropia and exotropia each accounted for close to half of all strabismus in both groups. Only 1 case of strabismus was found among 84 white children 6 through 11 months of age. Rates were higher in children 60 through 71 months of age (5.8% for whites and 2.9% for African Americans [RP, 2.05; 95% CI, 0.79-5.27]). Amblyopia was present in 12 (1.8%) white and 7 (0.8%) African American children (RP, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.88-5.62). Only 1 child had bilateral amblyopia. Conclusions: Manifest strabismus affected 1 in 30 white and 1 in 47 African American preschool-aged children. The prevalence of amblyopia was <2% in both whites and African Americans. National population projections suggest that there are approximately 677 000 cases of manifest strabismus among children 6 through 71 months of age and 271 000 cases of amblyopia among children 30 through 71 months of age in the United States. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2128-2134 (C) 2009 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

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Ophthalmology
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