Journal article
Prevalence of Amblyopia and Strabismus in White and African American Children Aged 6 through 71 Months The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study
Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 116(11), pp 2128-2134
01 Nov 2009
PMID: 19762084
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Abstract
Objective: To determine the age-specific prevalence of strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months and of amblyopia in white and African American children aged 30 through 71 months.
Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study.
Participants: White and African American children aged 6 through 71 months in Baltimore, MD, United States. Among 4132 children identified, 3990 eligible children (97%) were enrolled and 2546 children (62%) were examined.
Methods: Parents or guardians of eligible participants underwent an in-home interview and were scheduled for a detailed eye examination, including optotype visual acuity and measurement of ocular deviations. Strabismus was defined as a heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia was assessed in those children aged 30 through 71 months who were able to perform optotype testing at 3 meters.
Main Outcome Measures: The proportions of children aged 6 through 71 months with strabismus and of children aged 30 through 71 months with amblyopia.
Results: Manifest strabismus was found in 3.3% of white and 2.1 % of African American children (relative prevalence [RP], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.66). Esotropia and exotropia each accounted for close to half of all strabismus in both groups. Only 1 case of strabismus was found among 84 white children 6 through 11 months of age. Rates were higher in children 60 through 71 months of age (5.8% for whites and 2.9% for African Americans [RP, 2.05; 95% CI, 0.79-5.27]). Amblyopia was present in 12 (1.8%) white and 7 (0.8%) African American children (RP, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.88-5.62). Only 1 child had bilateral amblyopia.
Conclusions: Manifest strabismus affected 1 in 30 white and 1 in 47 African American preschool-aged children. The prevalence of amblyopia was <2% in both whites and African Americans. National population projections suggest that there are approximately 677 000 cases of manifest strabismus among children 6 through 71 months of age and 271 000 cases of amblyopia among children 30 through 71 months of age in the United States.
Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2128-2134 (C) 2009 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
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Details
- Title
- Prevalence of Amblyopia and Strabismus in White and African American Children Aged 6 through 71 Months The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study
- Creators
- David S. Friedman - Johns Hopkins MedicineMichael X. Repka - Johns Hopkins MedicineJoanne Katz - Johns Hopkins MedicineLydia Giordano - Johns Hopkins UniversityJosephine Ibironke - Johns Hopkins UniversityPatricia Hawse - Johns Hopkins MedicineJames M. Tielsch - Johns Hopkins University
- Publication Details
- Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), v 116(11), pp 2128-2134
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 7
- Grant note
- U10EY014483 / NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI) EY14483 / National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO)
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:000271291600013
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-70350567755
- Other Identifier
- 991022156222004721
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