Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are prime candidate sources of the high-energy, astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. This is demonstrated by the real-time multimessenger detection of the blazar TXS 0506+056 and the recent evidence of neutrino emission from NGC 1068 from a separate time-averaged study. However, the production mechanism of the astrophysical neutrinos in AGN is not well established, which can be resolved via correlation studies with photon observations. For neutrinos produced due to photohadronic interactions in AGN, in addition to a correlation of neutrinos with high-energy photons, there would also be a correlation of neutrinos with photons emitted at radio wavelengths. In this work, we perform an in-depth stacking study of the correlation between 15 GHz radio observations of AGN reported in the MOJAVE XV catalog, and 10 yr of neutrino data from IceCube. We also use a time-dependent approach, which improves the statistical power of the stacking analysis. No significant correlation was found for both analyses, and upper limits are reported. When compared to the IceCube diffuse flux, at 100 TeV and for a spectral index of 2.5, the upper limits derived are similar to 3% and similar to 9% for the timeaveraged and time-dependent cases, respectively.
Journal article
Probing the Connection between IceCube Neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN
The Astrophysical journal, v 973(2), p97
01 Oct 2024
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- Title
- Probing the Connection between IceCube Neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN
- Creators
- R. Abbasi - Loyola University ChicagoM. Ackermann - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Adams - University of CanterburyS. K. Agarwalla - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. A. Aguilar - Université Libre de BruxellesM. Ahlers - University of CopenhagenJ. M. Alameddine - TU Dortmund UniversityN. M. Amin - University of DelawareK. Andeen - Marquette UniversityC. Argüelles - Harvard UniversityY. Ashida - University of UtahS. Athanasiadou - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYL. Ausborm - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. N. Axani - University of DelawareX. Bai - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Balagopal V. - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Baricevic - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. W. Barwick - University of California Department of Physics and Astronomy, Irvine, CA 92697, USAS. Bash - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenV. Basu - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAR. Bay - University of California Department of Physics, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. J. Beatty - The Ohio State UniversityJ. Becker Tjus - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Beise - Uppsala UniversityC. Bellenghi - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenC. Benning - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. BenZvi - University of RochesterD. Berley - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAE. Bernardini - Università Degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyD. Z. Besson - University of KansasE. Blaufuss - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAL. Bloom - University of AlabamaS. Blot - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYF. Bontempo - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Y. Book Motzkin - Harvard UniversityC. Boscolo Meneguolo - Università Degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyS. Böser - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyO. Botner - Uppsala UniversityJ. Böttcher - RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Braun - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Brinson - Georgia Institute of TechnologyJ. Brostean-Kaiser - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYL. Brusa - RWTH Aachen UniversityR. T. Burley - University of AdelaideD. Butterfield - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. A. Campana - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAI. Caracas - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyK. Carloni - Harvard UniversityJ. Carpio - University of Nevada RenoS. Chattopadhyay - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAN. Chau - Université Libre de BruxellesZ. Chen - Stony Brook UniversityD. Chirkin - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Choi - Sungkyunkwan UniversityB. A. Clark - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAA. Coleman - Uppsala UniversityG. H. Collin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Connolly - The Ohio State UniversityJ. M. Conrad - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyR. Corley - University of UtahD. F. Cowen - Pennsylvania State UniversityP. Dave - Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. De Clercq - Vrije Universiteit BrusselJ. J. DeLaunay - University of AlabamaD. Delgado - Harvard UniversityS. Deng - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Desai - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Desiati - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. D. de Vries - Vrije Universiteit BrusselG. de Wasseige - UCLouvainT. DeYoung - Michigan State UniversityA. Diaz - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. C. Díaz-Vélez - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Dierichs - RWTH Aachen UniversityM. Dittmer - University of MünsterA. Domi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergL. Draper - University of UtahH. Dujmovic - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAD. Durnford - University of AlbertaK. Dutta - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyM. A. DuVernois - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAT. Ehrhardt - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyL. Eidenschink - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenA. Eimer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergP. Eller - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenE. Ellinger - University of WuppertalS. El Mentawi - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. Elsässer - TU Dortmund UniversityR. Engel - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyH. Erpenbeck - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Evans - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAP. A. Evenson - University of DelawareK. L. Fan - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAK. Fang - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Farrag - Chiba UniversityA. R. Fazely - Southern University Department of Physics, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Fedynitch - Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaN. Feigl - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinS. Fiedlschuster - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergC. Finley - Stockholm UniversityL. Fischer - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYD. Fox - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Franckowiak - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyS. Fukami - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYP. Fürst - RWTH Aachen UniversityJ. Gallagher - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Astronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Ganster - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Garcia - Harvard UniversityM. Garcia - University of DelawareG. Garg - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Genton - UCLouvainL. Gerhardt - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Ghadimi - University of AlabamaC. Girard-Carillo - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyC. Glaser - Uppsala UniversityT. Glüsenkamp - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergJ. G. Gonzalez - University of DelawareS. Goswami - University of Nevada RenoA. Granados - Michigan State UniversityD. Grant - Michigan State UniversityS. J. Gray - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAO. Gries - RWTH Aachen UniversityS. Griffin - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Griswold - University of RochesterK. M. Groth - University of CopenhagenD. Guevel - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAC. Günther - RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Gutjahr - TU Dortmund UniversityC. Ha - Chung-Ang UniversityC. Haack - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Hallgren - Uppsala UniversityL. Halve - RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Halzen - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAH. Hamdaoui - Stony Brook UniversityM. Ha Minh - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Handt - RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Hanson - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Hardin - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. A. Harnisch - Michigan State UniversityP. Hatch - Queen's UniversityA. Haungs - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Häußler - RWTH Aachen UniversityK. Helbing - University of WuppertalJ. Hellrung - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Hermannsgabner - RWTH Aachen UniversityL. Heuermann - RWTH Aachen UniversityN. Heyer - Uppsala UniversityS. Hickford - University of WuppertalA. Hidvegi - Stockholm UniversityC. Hill - Chiba UniversityG. C. Hill - University of AdelaideK. D. Hoffman - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAS. Hori - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Hoshina - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Hostert - Harvard UniversityW. Hou - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyT. Huber - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyK. Hultqvist - Stockholm UniversityM. Hünnefeld - TU Dortmund UniversityR. Hussain - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Hymon - Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaA. Ishihara - Chiba UniversityW. Iwakiri - Chiba UniversityM. Jacquart - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Jain - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyO. Janik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Jansson - Stockholm UniversityG. S. Japaridze - Clark Atlanta UniversityM. Jeong - University of UtahM. Jin - Harvard UniversityB. J. P. Jones - The University of Texas at ArlingtonN. Kamp - Harvard UniversityD. Kang - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyW. Kang - Sungkyunkwan UniversityX. Kang - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAA. Kappes - University of MünsterD. Kappesser - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyL. Kardum - TU Dortmund UniversityT. Karg - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Karl - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenA. Karle - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Katil - University of AlbertaU. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Kauer - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. L. Kelley - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Khanal - University of UtahA. Khatee Zathul - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Kheirandish - University of Nevada RenoJ. Kiryluk - Stony Brook UniversityS. R. Klein - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryA. Kochocki - Michigan State UniversityR. Koirala - University of DelawareH. Kolanoski - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. Kontrimas - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenL. Köpke - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyC. Kopper - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergD. J. Koskinen - University of CopenhagenP. Koundal - University of DelawareM. Kovacevich - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAM. Kowalski - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinT. Kozynets - University of CopenhagenJ. Krishnamoorthi - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Kruiswijk - UCLouvainE. Krupczak - Michigan State UniversityA. Kumar - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYE. Kun - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyN. Kurahashi - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAN. Lad - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYC. Lagunas Gualda - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Lamoureux - UCLouvainM. J. Larson - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAS. Latseva - RWTH Aachen UniversityF. Lauber - University of WuppertalJ. P. Lazar - UCLouvainJ. W. Lee - Sungkyunkwan UniversityK. Leonard DeHolton - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Leszczyńska - University of DelawareJ. Liao - Georgia Institute of TechnologyM. Lincetto - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyY. T. Liu - Pennsylvania State UniversityM. Liubarska - University of AlbertaC. Love - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAL. Lu - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAF. Lucarelli - Université de Genève Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, CH-1211 Genève, SwitzerlandW. Luszczak - The Ohio State UniversityY. Lyu - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryJ. Madsen - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Magnus - Vrije Universiteit BrusselK. B. M. Mahn - Michigan State UniversityY. Makino - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAE. Manao - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenS. Mancina - Università Degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, I-35122 Padova PD, ItalyW. Marie Sainte - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAI. C. Mariş - Université Libre de BruxellesS. Marka - Columbia UniversityZ. Marka - Columbia UniversityM. Marsee - University of AlabamaI. Martinez-Soler - Harvard UniversityR. Maruyama - Yale UniversityF. Mayhew - Michigan State UniversityF. McNally - Mercer University Department of Physics, Macon, GA 31207-0001, USAJ. V. Mead - University of CopenhagenK. Meagher - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Mechbal - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Medina - The Ohio State UniversityM. Meier - Chiba UniversityY. Merckx - Vrije Universiteit BrusselL. Merten - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyJ. Micallef - Michigan State UniversityJ. Mitchell - Southern University Department of Physics, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAT. Montaruli - Université de Genève Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, CH-1211 Genève, SwitzerlandR. W. Moore - University of AlbertaY. Morii - Chiba UniversityR. Morse - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Moulai - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAT. Mukherjee - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyR. Naab - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYR. Nagai - Chiba UniversityM. Nakos - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAU. Naumann - University of WuppertalJ. Necker - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYA. Negi - The University of Texas at ArlingtonL. Neste - Stockholm UniversityM. Neumann - University of MünsterH. Niederhausen - Michigan State UniversityM. U. Nisa - Michigan State UniversityK. Noda - Chiba UniversityA. Noell - RWTH Aachen UniversityA. Novikov - University of DelawareA. Obertacke Pollmann - Chiba UniversityV. O’Dell - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Oeyen - University of Gent Department of Physics and Astronomy, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumA. Olivas - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAR. Orsoe - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenJ. Osborn - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAE. O’Sullivan - Uppsala UniversityV. Palusova - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyH. Pandya - University of DelawareN. Park - Queen's UniversityG. K. Parker - The University of Texas at ArlingtonE. N. Paudel - University of DelawareL. Paul - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyC. Pérez de los Heros - Uppsala UniversityT. Pernice - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Peterson - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Pizzuto - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Plum - South Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyA. Pontén - Uppsala UniversityY. Popovych - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyM. Prado Rodriguez - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Pries - Michigan State UniversityR. Procter-Murphy - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAG. T. Przybylski - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryC. Raab - UCLouvainJ. Rack-Helleis - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyM. Ravn - Uppsala UniversityK. Rawlins - University of Alaska AnchorageZ. Rechav - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Rehman - University of DelawareP. Reichherzer - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyE. Resconi - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenS. Reusch - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYW. Rhode - TU Dortmund UniversityB. Riedel - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Rifaie - RWTH Aachen UniversityE. J. Roberts - University of AdelaideS. Robertson - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryS. Rodan - Sungkyunkwan UniversityG. Roellinghoff - Sungkyunkwan UniversityM. Rongen - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Rosted - Chiba UniversityC. Rott - Sungkyunkwan UniversityT. Ruhe - TU Dortmund UniversityL. Ruohan - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenD. Ryckbosch - University of Gent Department of Physics and Astronomy, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumI. Safa - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Saffer - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyD. Salazar-Gallegos - Michigan State UniversityP. Sampathkumar - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyA. Sandrock - University of WuppertalM. Santander - University of AlabamaS. Sarkar - University of AlbertaS. Sarkar - University of OxfordJ. Savelberg - RWTH Aachen UniversityP. Savina - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAP. Schaile - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Schaufel - RWTH Aachen UniversityH. Schieler - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyS. Schindler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergL. Schlickmann - University of Mainz Institute of Physics, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyB. Schlüter - University of MünsterF. Schlüter - Université Libre de BruxellesN. Schmeisser - University of WuppertalT. Schmidt - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAJ. Schneider - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergF. G. Schröder - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyL. Schumacher - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergS. Sclafani - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAD. Seckel - University of DelawareM. Seikh - University of KansasM. Seo - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Seunarine - University of Wisconsin Department of Physics, River Falls, WI 54022, USAP. Sevle Myhr - UCLouvainR. Shah - Drexel University Department of Physics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAS. Shefali - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Shimizu - Chiba UniversityM. Silva - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAB. Skrzypek - University of California Department of Physics, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAB. Smithers - The University of Texas at ArlingtonR. Snihur - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Soedingrekso - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Søgaard - University of CopenhagenD. Soldin - University of UtahP. Soldin - RWTH Aachen UniversityG. Sommani - Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, GermanyC. Spannfellner - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenG. M. Spiczak - University of Wisconsin Department of Physics, River Falls, WI 54022, USAC. Spiering - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYM. Stamatikos - The Ohio State UniversityT. Stanev - University of DelawareT. Stezelberger - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryT. Stürwald - University of WuppertalT. Stuttard - University of CopenhagenG. W. Sullivan - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAI. Taboada - Georgia Institute of TechnologyS. Ter-Antonyan - Southern University Department of Physics, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Terliuk - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenM. Thiesmeyer - RWTH Aachen UniversityW. G. Thompson - Harvard UniversityJ. Thwaites - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Tilav - University of DelawareK. Tollefson - Michigan State UniversityC. Tönnis - Sungkyunkwan UniversityS. Toscano - Université Libre de BruxellesD. Tosi - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAA. Trettin - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYR. Turcotte - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. P. Twagirayezu - Michigan State UniversityM. A. Unland Elorrieta - University of MünsterA. K. Upadhyay - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAK. Upshaw - Southern University Department of Physics, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAA. Vaidyanathan - Marquette UniversityN. Valtonen-Mattila - Uppsala UniversityJ. Vandenbroucke - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAN. van Eijndhoven - Vrije Universiteit BrusselD. Vannerom - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJ. van Santen - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. Vara - University of MünsterF. Varsi - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Veitch-Michaelis - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Venugopal - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyM. Vereecken - UCLouvainS. Vergara Carrasco - University of CanterburyS. Verpoest - University of DelawareD. Veske - Columbia UniversityA. Vijai - University of Maryland Department of Physics, College Park, MD 20742, USAC. Walck - Stockholm UniversityA. Wang - Georgia Institute of TechnologyC. Weaver - Michigan State UniversityP. Weigel - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyA. Weindl - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJ. Weldert - Pennsylvania State UniversityA. Y. Wen - Harvard UniversityC. Wendt - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAJ. Werthebach - TU Dortmund UniversityM. Weyrauch - Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyN. Whitehorn - Michigan State UniversityC. H. Wiebusch - RWTH Aachen UniversityD. R. Williams - University of AlabamaL. Witthaus - TU Dortmund UniversityA. Wolf - RWTH Aachen UniversityM. Wolf - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenG. Wrede - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergX. W. Xu - Southern University Department of Physics, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USAJ. P. Yanez - University of AlbertaE. Yildizci - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAS. Yoshida - Chiba UniversityR. Young - University of KansasS. Yu - University of UtahT. Yuan - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAZ. Zhang - Stony Brook UniversityP. Zhelnin - Harvard UniversityP. Zilberman - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USAM. Zimmerman - University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical journal, v 973(2), p97
- Publisher
- The American Astronomical Society; BRISTOL
- Number of pages
- 14
- Grant note
- 2209445 / US National Science Foundation
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001350076900001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85205472357
- Other Identifier
- 991021905715404721
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