Journal article
Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
The Astrophysical journal, v 997(2), 141
2026
Abstract
The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the γ-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known γ-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of followup observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between γ-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE γ-ray flux.
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- Title
- Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
- Creators
- IceCube Collaboration (Collaboration)J. Abhir - ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandA. Biland - ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandK. Brand - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyT. Bretz - GSI Darmstadt, GermanyD. Dorner - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyL. Eisenberger - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyD. Elsässer - Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, GermanyP. Günther - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyS. Hasan - ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandD. Hildebrand - ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandK. Mannheim - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyM. Linhoff - Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyF. Pfeifle - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyW. Rhode - TU Dortmund UniversityB. Schleicher - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyV. Sliusar - University of Geneva, Versoix, SwitzerlandM. Vorbrugg - Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyR. Walter - University of Geneva, Versoix, SwitzerlandF. Aharonian - Yerevan State UniversityF. Ait Benkhali - Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyJ. Aschersleben - University of GroningenH. Ashkar - Laboratoire Leprince-RinguetM. Backes - University of NamibiaV. Barbosa Martins - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, GermanyR. Batzofin - University of PotsdamY. Becherini - Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö, SwedenD. Berge - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinM. Böttcher - Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaC. Boisson - Observatoire de ParisJ. Bolmont - Sorbonne Paris CitéJ. Borowska - Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyR. Brose - University of PotsdamA. Brown - University of OxfordF. Brun - IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceB. Bruno - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergS. Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesJ. Celic - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergM. Cerruti - Laboratoire AstroParticule et CosmologieA. Chen - School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaM. Chernyakova - Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, IrelandJ. Chibueze - Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaO. Chibueze - Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaB. Cornejo - IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceG. Cotter - University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford, United KingdomG. Cozzolongo - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyJ. Damascene Mbarubucyeye - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJ. de Assis Scarpin - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, FranceA. Delgado Giles - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinA. Djannati-Ataï - Université Paris CitéJ. Djuvsland - Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, GermanyA. Dmytriiev - North-West UniversityK. Egberts - University of PotsdamK. Egg - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyS. Einecke - School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AustraliaJ. P. Ernenwein - Aix-Marseille UniversitéC. Escañuela Nieves - Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, GermanyK. Feijen - Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, FranceM. Filipovic - Western Sydney UniversityG. Fontaine - École PolytechniqueS. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyS. Gabici - Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, FranceJ. F. Glicenstein - IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceP. Goswami - Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, FranceG. Grolleron - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, Paris, FranceB. Hess - Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyJ. A. Hinton - Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, GermanyM. Holler - Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Innsbruck, AustriaM. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian UniversityF. Jankowsky - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYI. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyE. Kasai - University of NamibiaK. Katarzyński - Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityH. Katjaita - University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek, NamibiaD. Kerszberg - Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, SpainR. Khatoon - Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaB. Khélifi - Laboratoire AstroParticule et CosmologieW. Kluźniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandNu Komin - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, FranceR. Konno - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, GermanyK. Kosack - Université Paris-SaclayD. Kostunin - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYG. Kukec Mezek - Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö, SwedenR. G. Lang - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergA. Lemière - Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, FranceM. Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis BordeauxJ. P. Lenain - Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, Paris, FranceA. Luashvili - Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricaJ. Mackey - Dublin Institute For Advanced StudiesV. Marandon - Université Paris-SaclayG. Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Innsbruck, AustriaR. Marx - UCLouvainM. Mayer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyA. Mehta - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, GermanyA. Mitchell - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, GermanyR. Moderski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandM. O. Moghadam - Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, GermanyL. Mohrmann - UCLouvainE. Moulin - IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceM. de Naurois - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, FranceJ. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of SciencesMichael A CampanaWoosik Kang - Drexel University, PhysicsXinyue KangNaoko Kurahashi Neilson - Drexel University, PhysicsChristina E Love - Drexel University, PhysicsRiya Atul Shah
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical journal, v 997(2), 141
- Grant note
- 2021/WK/06 / Ministry of Education and Science (100009002) Swiss Re (501100006505) ETH-27.12-1 / Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (501100003006) ETH-10.08-2 / Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (501100003006)
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Physics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001672750800001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105036063624
- Other Identifier
- 991022182269204721