Journal article
Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of disease associated with child growth failure, 2000–2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
The lancet child & adolescent health, v 10(1), pp 22-38
Jan 2026
PMID: 41344792
Featured in Collection : UN Sustainable Development Goals @ Drexel
Abstract
Child growth failure (CGF), which includes underweight, wasting, and stunting, is among the factors most strongly associated with mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Poor height and bodyweight gain arise from a variety of biological and sociodemographic factors and are associated with increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to estimate CGF prevalence, the risk of infectious diseases associated with CGF, and the disease mortality, morbidity, and overall burden associated with CGF.
In this analysis we estimated the all-cause and cause-specific (diarrhoea, lower respiratory tract infections, malaria, and measles) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost and mortality associated with stunting, wasting, underweight, and CGF in aggregate. We combined the burden associated with mild, moderate, and severe forms of CGF: stunting was defined as height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) less than –1, underweight was defined as weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) less than –1, and wasting was defined as weight-for-height Z scores (WHZ) less than –1, according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Population-level continuous distributions of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ were estimated for 2000 to 2023 using data from surveys, literature, and individual-level study data. The risk of incidence of, and mortality due to, diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, malaria, and measles was separately estimated in a meta-regression framework from longitudinal cohort data for Z scores less than –1. Finally, fatal outcomes associated with these diseases were estimated with vital registration, verbal autopsy, and case-fatality data, while non-fatal outcomes were estimated with surveys as well as health-care utilisation and case reporting data. The exposure prevalence and relative risk estimates were from continuous distributions, allowing for direct assessment of the attributable fractions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting, underweight, wasting, and the combined impact of child growth failure within populations. All estimates were age-specific, sex-specific, geography-specific, and year-specific.
We estimated that, in children younger than 5 years in 2023, CGF was associated with 79·4 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 47·0–106) DALYs lost and 880 000 (517 000–1 170 000) deaths. This represented 17·9% (10·6–23·8) of 444 million (434–457) total under-5 DALYs and 18·8% (11·1–25·0) of all 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) under-5 deaths. Compared to stunting (33·0 million [24·1–42·2] DALYs, 373 000 [272 000–477 000] deaths) and wasting (39·2 million [23·8–53·0] DALYs, 428 000 [256 000–583 000] deaths), childhood underweight was associated with the largest share of CGF-related disease burden: 52·2 million (21·9–75·1) DALYs and 573 000 (236 000–824 000) deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2023.
CGF remains a leading factor associated with death and disability in children younger than 5 years, despite global attention and focused interventions to reduce the prevalence of associated CGF indicators. Our findings underscore the need for policies, strategies, and interventions that focus on all indicators of CGF to reduce its associated health burden.
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- Title
- Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of disease associated with child growth failure, 2000–2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
- Creators
- Christopher E Troeger - University of WashingtonMichael Benjamin Arndt - University of WashingtonHasan Aalruz - Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanMeriem Abdoun - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifAuwal Abdullahi - Bayero University KanoMesfin Abebe - Dilla UniversityArmita Abedi - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesAlemwork Abie - Bahir Dar UniversityRichard Gyan Aboagye - University of Health and Allied SciencesHassan Abolhassani - Tehran University of Medical SciencesYonas Derso Abtew - Arba Minch UniversityAhmed Abu-Zaid - Alfaisal UniversityLawan Hassan Adamu - Federal University DutseMesafint Molla Adane - Bahir Dar UniversityIsaac Yeboah Addo - UNSW SydneyOyelola A Adegboye - Charles Darwin UniversityVictor Adekanmbi - The University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonJuliana Bunmi Adetunji - Osun State UniversityQorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani - Padjadjaran UniversityLeticia Akua Adzigbli - University of Health and Allied SciencesMuhammad Sohail Afzal - Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, PakistanSaira Afzal - King Edward Medical UniversityNavidha Aggarwal - Maharishi Markandeshwar University, MullanaAqeel Ahmad - Shaqra UniversityMuayyad M Ahmad - University of JordanSajjad Ahmad - Abasyn UniversityElham Ahmadi - Tehran University of Medical SciencesAyman Ahmed - University of KhartoumHaroon Ahmed - COMSATS University IslamabadMehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed - Majmaah UniversityMushood Ahmed - Rawalpindi Medical UniversityMarjan Ajami - National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteBudi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman UniversitySyed Mahfuz Al Hasan - Washington University in St. LouisOmar Al Omari - Sultan Qaboos UniversityMohammad Khursheed Alam - Jouf UniversityMohammed Albashtawy - Al al-Bayt UniversityFentahun Alemnew - Bahir Dar UniversityAyman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud UniversityMohammed Usman Ali - University of MaiduguriRafat Ali - Jamia Millia IslamiaSyed Shujait Ali - University of SwatWaad Ali - Sultan Qaboos UniversityJoseph Uy Almazan - Nazarbayev UniversityHesham M Al-Mekhlafi - University of MalayaMohammed A Alsabri - Sana'a UniversityNajim Z. Alshahrani - University of JeddahAwais Altaf - University of LahoreNelson Alvis-Guzman - University of CartagenaMohammad Al-Wardat - Jordan University of Science and TechnologyHany Aly - Cleveland ClinicDickson A Amugsi - African Population and Health Research CenterAbhishek Anil - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhubaneswarZelalem Alamrew Anteneh - Bahir Dar UniversityBoluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa - University of Medical Sciences, OndoSaeid Anvari - Guilan University of Medical SciencesAnayochukwu Edward Anyasodor - Charles Sturt UniversityJalal Arabloo - Iran University of Medical SciencesAleksandr Y Aravkin - University of WashingtonDemelash Areda - Ottawa UniversityMahwish Arooj - University of LahoreAnton A Artamonov - Institute of Biomedical ProblemsAshokan Arumugam - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationNurila Aryntayeva - Kazakh National Medical UniversityBernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare - Deakin UniversitySeyyed Shamsadin Athari - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesMaha Moh'd Wahbi Atout - Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, JordanAmlaku Mulat Aweke - Bahir Dar UniversityAdedapo Wasiu Awotidebe - Bayero University KanoAsteray Assmie Ayenew - Bahir Dar UniversityMelkalem Mamuye Azanaw - Flinders UniversityShahkaar Aziz - The University of Agriculture, PeshawarGiridhara Rathnaiah Babu - Qatar UniversityRuhai Bai - Nanjing Children's HospitalJennifer L Baker - Frederiksberg HospitalWondu Feyisa Balcha - Bahir Dar UniversityPalash Chandra Banik - Bangladesh University of Health SciencesMainak Bardhan - University of MiamiAmadou Barrow - University of the GambiaShahid Bashir - University of LahoreAfisu Basiru - University of IlorinQuique Bassat - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis AvançatsMohammad-Mahdi Bastan - Tehran University of Medical SciencesPriyamadhaba Behera - All India Institute of Medical Sciences BhubaneswarMichelle L Bell - Yale UniversityMaryam Bemanalizadeh - Isfahan University of Medical SciencesAjeet Singh Bhadoria - All India Institute of Medical Sciences RishikeshSonu Bhaskar - National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterPriyadarshini Bhattacharjee - Newcastle UniversityJasvinder Singh Bhatti - Central University of PunjabCatherine Bisignano - University of WashingtonBijit Biswas - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DeogharTrupti Bodhare - All India Institute of Medical SciencesSrinivasa Rao Bolla - Nazarbayev UniversitySri Harsha Boppana - Johns Hopkins UniversityAngelo Capodici - Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaRama Mohan Chandika - Jazan UniversityVijay Kumar Chattu - Semey Medical UniversityAnis Ahmad Chaudhary - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversityMoges Sisay Chekole - Debre Berhan UniversityHana Chen - Curtin University SarawakDaniel Youngwhan Cho - University of Wisconsin–MadisonSonali Gajanan Choudhari - Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeIsaac Sunday Chukwu - Federal Medical CentreErin Chung - University of WashingtonNatalia Cruz-Martins - University of MinhoAlanna Gomes da Silva - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisTukur Dahiru - Ahmadu Bello UniversityXiaochen Dai - University of WashingtonLalit Dandona - University of WashingtonRakhi Dandona - University of WashingtonSamuel Demissie Darcho - Haramaya UniversityAmira Hamed Darwish - Tanta UniversityFernando Pio De la Hoz - Universidad Nacional de ColombiaEdgar Denova-Gutiérrez - Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránVinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu - Chettinad Academy of Research and EducationDevananda Devegowda - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchAdriana Dima - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesThanh Chi Do - Pham Ngoc Thach University of MedicineRobert Kokou Dowou - University of Health and Allied SciencesAngel Belle Cheng Dy - Ateneo de Manila UniversityIbrahim Farahat El Bayoumy - Tanta UniversityMarwa Eldegwi - Kafrelsheikh UniversityMuhammed Elhadi - Korea UniversityLegesse Tesfaye Elilo - Wachemo UniversityIman El Sayed - Alexandria UniversityAbidemi Omolara Fasanmi - Emory UniversityMarta Figueiredo - Escola Superior de Saúde do AlcoitãoFlorian Fischer - Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinArtem Alekseevich Fomenkov - Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyAmin Fraij - University of SharjahAmanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin - Edith Cowan UniversityLemma Getacher - Debre Berhan UniversityGenanew K Getahun - Menelik II Medical and Health Science CollegeMaryam Gholamalizadeh - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNora M Gilbertson - University of WashingtonAlem Abera Girmay - Aksum UniversityMahaveer Golechha - Indian Institute of Public Health GandhinagarDinorah Gonzalez-Castell - National Institute of Public HealthMichal Grivna - United Arab Emirates UniversityShi-Yang Guan - Anhui Medical UniversityMohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari - University of SulaimaniDamitha Asanga Gunawardane - University of PeradeniyaZhifeng Guo - Nanyang Institute of TechnologyBhawna Gupta - Torrens University AustraliaRajat Das Gupta - University of South CarolinaDemewoz Haile - University of WashingtonNadia M Hamdy - Ain Shams UniversityAlexis J Handal - University of MichiganNasrin Hanifi - Zanjan University of Medical SciencesHabtamu Endashaw Hareru - Dilla UniversityEka Mishbahatul Marah Has - La Trobe UniversityAhmed I Hasaballah - Al-Azhar UniversityIkrama Hassan - Federal University LafiaSimon I Hay - University of WashingtonKhezar Hayat - University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesJiawei He - University of WashingtonBehzad Heibati - University of AlbertaAustin Heuer - University of WashingtonKamal Hezam - Nankai UniversityRamesh Holla - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMd Sabbir Hossain - Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyHassan Hosseinzadeh - University of WollongongSorin Hostiuc - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyTanvir M Huda - The University of SydneyJavid Hussain - University of NizwaDursa Hussein - Improvement ServiceHong-Han Huynh - Taipei Medical UniversityBing-Fang Hwang - Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taiwan, Taichung, TaiwanSegun Emmanuel Ibitoye - University of IbadanMustapha Immurana - University of Health and Allied SciencesTeresa R Iskander - Independent Researcher, Cairo, EgyptMd Rabiul Islam - BRAC UniversityMd Sahidul Islam - Clinical Research OrganizationSheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin UniversityLouis Jacob - Université Paris CitéMihajlo Jakovljevic - Shaanxi University of TechnologyShubha Jayaram - Government Medical CollegeAchala Upendra Jayatilleke - Institute of Policy Studies of Sri LankaWenyi Jin - City University of Hong KongAlex Joseph - SRM Dental CollegeNitin Joseph - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAli Kabir - Iran University of Medical SciencesVidya Kadashetti - Krishna Institute of Medical SciencesDler H. Hussein Kadir - Cihan University-ErbilSanjay Kalra - Chandigarh UniversityArun Kamireddy - Johns Hopkins UniversityKehinde Kazeem Kanmodi - Cephas Health Research InitiativeRami S Kantar - NYU Langone HealthFaizan Zaffar Kashoo - Majmaah UniversityGbenga A Kayode - Utrecht UniversityShemsu Kedir - Kotebe University of EducationTibebeselassie S Keflie - University of HohenheimAjmal Khan - University of NizwaMaseer Khan - Jazan UniversityVishnu Khanal - Nepal Red Cross SocietyShaghayegh Khanmohammadi - Non-Communicable Diseases Research CenterKhaled Khatab - Ohio UniversityMoawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh - Yarmouk UniversityMahalaqua Nazli Khatib - Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and ResearchFeriha Fatima Khidri - Liaquat University of Medical & Health SciencesKwanghyun Kim - Creighton UniversityMin Seo Kim - Broad InstituteAdnan Kisa - Høyskolen KristianiaFarzad Kompani - Children's Medical CenterIsaac Koomson - The University of QueenslandKewal Krishan - Panjab UniversityMukhtar Kulimbet - Kazakh National Medical UniversityDewesh Kumar - Rajendra Institute of Medical SciencesG Anil Kumar - Public Health Foundation of IndiaNithin Kumar - Manipal UniversityVijay Kumar - Manipal HospitalAlmagul Kurmanova - Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityMaria Dyah Kurniasari - Satya Wacana Christian UniversityDian Kusuma - Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyChandrakant Lahariya - Public Health Foundation of IndiaKamaluddin Latief - University of IndonesiaMinh Huu Nhat Le - Taipei Medical UniversityNhi Huu Hanh Le - University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CitySang-woong Lee - Gachon UniversitySeung Won Lee - Gachon UniversityYo Han Lee - Korea UniversityVirendra S Ligade - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationStephen S Lim - University of WashingtonJialing Lin - UNSW SydneyJue Liu - Peking UniversityXuefeng Liu - Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineRakesh Lodha - All India Institute of Medical SciencesJosé Francisco López-Gil - Universidad de Los LagosSurbala Devi Lourembam - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyZheng Feei Ma - University of the West of EnglandMahmoud Mabrok - Suez Canal UniversityKashish Malhotra - Rama Hospital & Research CentreAhmad Azam Malik - King Abdulaziz UniversityVahid Mansouri - Tehran University of Medical SciencesEmmanuel Manu - University of Health and Allied SciencesMelvin Barrientos Marzan - La Trobe UniversityRoy Rillera Marzo - Monash University MalaysiaSammer Marzouk - Northwestern UniversityMedha Mathur - Rabindranath Tagore Medical CollegeRita Mattiello - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRishi P Mediratta - Palo Alto UniversityRiffat Mehboob - CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of DentistryKala M Mehta - University of California, San FranciscoTesfahun Mekene Meto - Arba Minch UniversityTomislav Mestrovic - University of WashingtonSachith Mettananda - University of KelaniyaTomasz Miazgowski - Pomeranian Medical UniversityGiuseppe Minervini - University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Mojgan Mirghafourvand - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesAndreea Mirica - Bucharest University of Economic StudiesJama Mohamed - University of HargeisaNouh Saad Mohamed - National Centre for ResearchSakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi - Tabriz University of Medical SciencesAbdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShafiu Mohammed - Ahmadu Bello UniversityAli H Mokdad - University of WashingtonLorenzo Monasta - IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo GarofoloMohammad Ali Moni - Charles Sturt UniversitySumaira Mubarik - University of GroningenSumoni Mukherjee - Edge FoundationSileshi Mulatu - Bahir Dar UniversityFrancesk Mulita - University of ThessalyChristopher J L Murray - University of WashingtonGhulam Mustafa - Shaqra UniversityAyoub Nafei - Iranian Institute for Health Sciences ResearchGanesh R Naik - Flinders UniversityZuhair S Natto - King Abdulaziz UniversityJavaid Nauman - United Arab Emirates UniversitySamidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna - University of PeradeniyaBiswa Prakash Nayak - Amity UniversityAmanuel Tebabal Nega - Bahir Dar UniversitySamata Nepal - Nepal Medical College Teaching HospitalHenok Biresaw Netsere - Bahir Dar UniversityGeorges Nguefack-Tsague - Université de Yaoundé IDang Nguyen - Harvard UniversityThe Phuong Nguyen - Hitotsubashi UniversityRobina Khan Niazi - International Islamic University, IslamabadAli Nikoobar - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesLawrence Achilles Nnyanzi - Teesside UniversityShuhei Nomura - Tohoku UniversityMehran Nouri - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesChisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi - Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityDieta Nurrika - Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher EducationSylvester Dodzi Nyadanu - Curtin UniversityChimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam - University of BeninOgochukwu Janet Nzoputam - Benson Idahosa UniversityIsmail A Odetokun - University of IlorinHassan Okati-Aliabad - Zahedan University of Medical SciencesAkinkunmi Paul Okekunle - Seoul National UniversityOsaretin Christabel Okonji - University of the Western CapeBolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Centre for Healthy Start InitiativeJacob Olusegun Olusanya - Centre for Healthy Start InitiativeUchechukwu Levi Osuagwu - Western Sydney UniversityAmel Ouyahia - University Ferhat Abbas of SetifMahesh P - University of WashingtonJagadish Rao Padubidri - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAnca Pantea Stoian - Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyRomil R Parikh - University of MinnesotaJay Patel - University of LeedsShankargouda Patil - Roseman University of Health SciencesShrikant Pawar - Yale UniversityGavin Pereira - Norwegian Institute of Public HealthArokiasamy Perianayagam - Qatar UniversityFanny Emily Petermann-Rocha - University of GlasgowHoang Nhat Pham - University of ArizonaHoang Tran Pham - University of ArizonaMy Kieu Phan - Nam Can Tho UniversityJalandhar Pradhan - National Institute of Technology RourkelaPranil Man Singh Pradhan - Harvard UniversityAkila Prashant - JSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchJagadeesh Puvvula - University of PennsylvaniaIbrahim Qattea - Case Western Reserve UniversityPankaja Raghav - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurMd. Mosfequr Rahman - Federation UniversityMosiur Rahman - Federation UniversityMuhammad Aziz Rahman - Federation UniversityAmir Masoud Rahmani - National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyMasoud Rahmati - CeresRajesh Kumar Rai - Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, IndiaIvano Raimondo - University of SassariSathish Rajaa - Employees' State Insurance Model HospitalRayan Rajabi - Iran University of Medical SciencesMahmoud Mohammed Ramadan - Mansoura UniversityChitra Ramasamy - Siddhartha Medical CollegeShakthi Kumaran Ramasamy - Stanford UniversityChhabi Lal Ranabhat - Eastern Kentucky UniversityChythra R Rao - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationSowmya J Rao - MNR Dental College and HospitalDavide Rasella - Universidade Federal da BahiaMamunur Rashid - University of GävleDevarajan Rathish - Rajarata University of Sri LankaSantosh Kumar Rauniyar - The University of TokyoDavid Laith Rawaf - Imperial College LondonSalman Rawaf - Public Health EnglandNazila Rezaei - Tehran University of Medical SciencesMohsen Rezaeian - Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesThales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva - Federal University of Sao PauloJefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaPeter Rohloff - University of Global Health EquityDebby Syahru Romadlon - Chulalongkorn UniversityBedanta Roy - Quest International University PerakShubhanjali Roy - Indian Institute of Public Health GandhinagarCameron John Sabet - Georgetown UniversityKabir P Sadarangani - Universidad Autónoma de ChileBasema Ahmad Saddik - Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyUmar Saeed - Near East UniversityAmene Saghazadeh - Tehran University of Medical SciencesDominic Sagoe - University of BergenNarjes Saheb Sharif-Askari - University of SharjahAmirhossein Sahebkar - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesPragyan Monalisa Sahoo - Utkal UniversityYoseph Leonardo Samodra - National Taiwan UniversityAbdallah M Samy - Ain Shams UniversityRama Krishna Sanjeev - SRM Institute of Science and TechnologySenthilkumar Sankararaman - Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalMilena M Santric-Milicevic - University of BelgradeJacob Owusu Sarfo - University of Cape CoastYaser Sarikhani - Shiraz University of Medical SciencesTanmay Sarkar - West Bengal State Council of Technical EducationGargi Sachin Sarode - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneSachin C Sarode - Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, PuneBenn Sartorius - The University of QueenslandJennifer Saulam - Kagawa UniversityMonika Sawhney - University of North Carolina at CharlotteGanesh Kumar Saya - Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and ResearchChristophe Schinckus - University of the Fraser ValleyArt Schuermans - KU LeuvenAshenafi Kibret Sendekie - Curtin UniversitySubramanian Senthilkumaran - EMERGENCYYashendra Sethi - Swami Vivekanand Subharti UniversityAllen Seylani - National Institutes of HealthShazlin Shaharudin - Hospital Universiti Sains MalaysiaSamiah Shahid - University of LahoreMasood Ali Shaikh - Independent Consultant, Karachi, PakistanSunder Sham - Northwell HealthMuhammad Aaqib Shamim - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurMohd Shanawaz - Jazan UniversityMohammed Shannawaz - Amity UniversityNigussie Tadesse Sharew - Debre Berhan UniversityVishal Sharma - Panjab UniversityPavanchand H Shetty - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAminu Shittu - Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversityIvy Shiue - University of OuluSeyed Afshin Shorofi - Flinders UniversityEmmanuel Edwar Siddig - University of KhartoumMithun Sikdar - Anthropological Survey of IndiaLuís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva - Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, PortugalHarmanjit Singh - Government Medical College and HospitalJasvinder A Singh - Baylor College of MedicineKalpana Singh - Hamad Medical CorporationSurjit Singh - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurShipra Solanki - American University of Integrative SciencesMansi Soni - Charotar University of Science and TechnologyReed J D Sorensen - University of WashingtonMuhammad Suleman - Xiamen UniversityDesy Sulistiyorini - University of IndonesiaChandan Kumar Swain - Utkal UniversitySeyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei - Mashhad University of Medical SciencesSeyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh - Islamic Azad University, MashhadMohammad Tabish - Shaqra UniversityJacques Lukenze Tamuzi - Stellenbosch UniversityBirhan Tsegaw Taye - Debre Berhan UniversityWegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot - Debre Berhan UniversityAbainash Tekola - Haramaya UniversityMohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud UniversityRekha Thapar - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationJansje Henny Vera Ticoalu - Sam Ratulangi UniversityTenaw Yimer Tiruye - University of South AustraliaMariya Vladimirovna Titova - Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologySojit Tomo - All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurMarcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - Saveetha UniversityQuynh Thuy Huong Tran - Kansai Medical UniversityThang Huu Tran - University of Massachusetts DartmouthNguyen Tran Minh Duc - Research and Advocacy Initiative, ALS Vietnam, Quang Ngai, Viet NamAristidis Tsatsakis - University of CreteAbdul Rohim Tualeka - University of SurabayaSaeed Ullah - Flinders UniversityShahid Ullah - Flinders UniversityMuhammad Umair - King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterBhaskaran Unnikrishnan - Manipal Academy of Higher EducationEra Upadhyay - Amity University JaipurJibrin Sammani Usman - Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityJef Van den Eynde - KU LeuvenSiavash Vaziri - Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesBalachandar Vellingiri - Bharathiar UniversityVasily Vlassov - National Research University Higher School of EconomicsGebeyaw Biset Wagaw - Wollo UniversityYanzhong Wang - King's College LondonFelicia Wu - Michigan State UniversityHong Xiao - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterVikas Yadav - ICMR National Institute for Research in Environmental HealthGalal Yahya - Zagazig UniversityDong Keon Yon - Kyung Hee UniversityNaohiro Yonemoto - Juntendo UniversityChuanhua Yu - Wuhan UniversitySojib Bin Zaman - James Madison UniversityIman Zare - Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, IranMichael Zastrozhin - University of California, San FranciscoMohammed G M Zeariya - Al-Azhar UniversitySalih M Mustafa Salih Zebari - Cihan University-ErbilClaire Chenwen Zhong - Chinese University of Hong KongNicholas J Kassebaum - University of WashingtonRobert C Reiner - University of WashingtonGBD 2023 Child Growth Failure Collaborators
- Publication Details
- The lancet child & adolescent health, v 10(1), pp 22-38
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 17
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Pediatrics; College of Medicine; Emergency Medicine
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001652213600001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-105023912026
- Other Identifier
- 991022197018204721
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