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Journal article
Racial discrimination and cognitive function: An instrumental variable analysis
Social science & medicine, v 363, 117447
14 Nov 2024
PMID: 39541828
Featured in Collection : Research Supported by Drexel Libraries' OA Programs
Abstract
Racial inequities in cognitive function persist with mixed evidence regarding the impacts of racial discrimination on cognitive outcomes. We examined the association between experiences of racial discrimination within institutional settings, such as getting a job or housing, and multiple measures of cognitive function among middle-aged adults using analytic methods to strengthen the existing evidence base and provide potential points for intervention. We used cross-sectional data from 2895 participants in Wave 8 (Mage = 50.20, range: 43 – 55) and 2618 participants in Wave 9 (Mage = 55.20, range: 48 – 60) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Self-reported racial discrimination was operationalized using the Experiences of Discrimination Scale. Cognitive measures included were the Stroop Interference Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Analyses were conducted using ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and instrumental variable (IV) analysis using reflectance meter-measured skin color as the instrument. We find that increased experiences of racial discrimination are associated with poorer performance on cognitive assessments across OLS and IV analyses. For example, reporting one additional experience of racial discrimination was associated with approximately 0.50 SD lower auditory verbal learning scores using IV and 0.08 SD lower scores using OLS (Wave 8 IV 95% CI: -0.54, -0.41; OLS 95% CI: -0.10, -0.06). Such results in a relatively young sample yield insight into the potential implications of navigating a racialized society over one’s life course in contributing to inequities in cognitive decline in older age.
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Details
- Title
- Racial discrimination and cognitive function: An instrumental variable analysis
- Creators
- Jourdyn Alexis Lawrence (Corresponding Author) - Drexel University, Urban Health CollaborativeYu-Tien Hsu - Harvard UniversityHannah J. Cory - Harvard UniversityIchiro Kawachi - Harvard University
- Publication Details
- Social science & medicine, v 363, 117447
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 7
- Grant note
- NIH: U54CA267735 Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health
JAL was supported by the NIH FIRST award number U54CA267735 , with funding support from Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (OD) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001358444100001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85208661967
- Other Identifier
- 991021930611304721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- Social Sciences, Biomedical