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Journal article
Racism and health and wellbeing among children and youth - an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Social science & medicine (1982), v 361, 117324
Sep 2024
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Abstract
Evidence of racism’s health harms among children and youth is rapidly increasing, though attention to impacts on physical health and biomarker outcomes is more emergent. We performed a systematic review of recent publications to examine the association between racism and health among children and youth, with a meta-analysis of the specific relationships between racism and physical health and biomarkers.
We conducted a systematic literature search using four databases: Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ERIC. Four inclusion criteria were used to identify eligible studies: (1) exposure was experiences of racism, (2) outcome was health and wellbeing, (3) quantitative methods were used to estimate the association between racism and health outcomes, and (4) the effect size of associations between racism and health and wellbeing was reported for participants aged 0-24 years. Correlation coefficients were used to report the pooled effect size for each outcome indicator.
There were 463 eligible studies included in the screening process, with 42 studies focusing on physical health or biomarker outcomes. Random-effects meta-analysis found minimal to moderate positive associations between racism and C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6, body mass index (BMI), obesity, systolic blood pressure, salivary cortisol, asthma, and somatic symptoms. There were marginal positive associations between racism and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, cortisol collected via saliva, urine and hair, BMI-z score, and diastolic blood pressure, with imprecise estimates and wide confidence intervals.
Racism is associated with negative physical health and biomarker outcomes that relate to multiple physiological systems and biological processes in childhood and adolescence. This has implications for health and wellbeing during childhood and adolescence and future chronic disease risk. Collective and structural changes to eliminate racism and create a healthy and equitable future for all children and youth are urgently required.
•Racism impacts foundations for optimal health and development.•Racism is associated with physical health and biomarkers in children and youth.•Future research needs to prioritise systemic racism and its impact on health.•Collective and structural changes are urgently needed to eliminate racism.
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Details
- Title
- Racism and health and wellbeing among children and youth - an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
- Creators
- Naomi Priest - University of CanberraKate Doery - University of CanberraChiao Kee Lim - University of CanberraJourdyn A. Lawrence - Drexel UniversityGeorgia Zoumboulis - Deakin UniversityGabriella King - Deakin UniversityDewan Lamisa - University of New BrunswickFan He - Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRushani Wijesuriya - The University of MelbourneCamila M. Mateo - Boston Children's HospitalShiau Chong - University of CanberraMandy Truong - Monash UniversityRyan Perry - University of CanberraPaula Toko King - Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, Department of Public Health, Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka/University of Otago, Wellington, New ZealandNatalie Paki Paki - Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau/University of Auckland, New ZealandCorey Joseph - Monash HealthDot Pagram - University of CanberraRoshini Balasooriya Lekamge - Monash UniversityGosia Mikolajczak - University of CanberraEmily Darnett - Swinburne University of TechnologyBrigid Trenerry - Singapore University of Technology and DesignShloka Jha - University of CanberraJoan Gakii Masunga - Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAYin Paradies - Deakin UniversityYvonne Kelly - Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UKSaffron Karlsen - University of BristolShuaijun Guo - Murdoch Children's Research Institute
- Publication Details
- Social science & medicine (1982), v 361, 117324
- Publisher
- Elsevier; OXFORD
- Number of pages
- 14
- Grant note
This work received no specific grant from any funding agency in the This work was supported by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program.
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Language
- English
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Web of Science ID
- WOS:001333080500001
- Scopus ID
- 2-s2.0-85205594451
- Other Identifier
- 991021904812204721
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- Collaboration types
- Domestic collaboration
- International collaboration
- Web of Science research areas
- Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- Social Sciences, Biomedical